Fistula formation refers to the development of an abnormal connection or passage between two organs, vessels, or other structures in the body that are not normally connected. This can occur as a result of various medical conditions, such as infections, inflammation, surgery, or trauma.
Fistulas can form between many different parts of the body, such as:
- Digestive system: For example, an anal fistula connects the anal canal to the skin around the anus, while a fistula can also develop between the intestines and the bladder or vagina.
- Blood vessels: Arteriovenous fistulas involve connections between arteries and veins, often created surgically for dialysis access.
- Other organs: Fistulas may also form between organs like the lungs and the digestive tract or between the urinary system and other structures.
Symptoms and complications vary based on the location and cause of the fistula and may include pain, infection, or leakage of fluids. Treatment often involves surgical intervention to correct or close the abnormal connection.