M-class and X-class solar flares represent different levels of intensity and potential impact on Earth.
M-class flares are moderate solar flares that can cause temporary radio blackouts, particularly at high latitudes (the poles). They may also produce minor radiation storms, which can pose risks to astronauts in space.
X-class flares, on the other hand, are significantly more powerful and can lead to more severe consequences. These flares can result in:
- Long-lasting radiation storms that can be hazardous to satellites in orbit, potentially affecting their operation and longevity.
- Exposure to airline passengers flying at high altitudes near the poles, where the Earth's magnetic field offers less protection from solar radiation, potentially leading to small doses of radiation.
- Global transmission problems that can disrupt communication systems and lead to widespread outages, affecting everything from television broadcasts to GPS and internet services.
Both types of flares highlight the importance of monitoring solar activity, as they can have significant effects on technology and human activities on Earth and in space.