Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) principles include recognizing cardiac arrest, calling for emergency services, and performing chest compressions and rescue breaths if trained. CPR maintains blood flow and oxygenation until professional help arrives. To become certified, individuals can take courses from organizations like the American Heart Association or Red Cross, which offer hands-on training and certification exams.
The bystander effect refers to the phenomenon where individuals are less likely to help a victim when others are present, as they assume someone else will intervene. Awareness of this effect can encourage proactive assistance in emergencies, improving survival rates.