To make \( x \) the subject of the equation \( s = x^2 - 3 \), follow these steps:
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Start with the equation: \[ s = x^2 - 3 \]
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Add 3 to both sides to isolate the \( x^2 \) term: \[ s + 3 = x^2 \]
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Now, take the square root of both sides to solve for \( x \): \[ x = \pm \sqrt{s + 3} \]
So, \( x \) is the subject of the equation: \[ x = \pm \sqrt{s + 3} \]