Question
Just a few tips and insights,
Study Photoperiodism and Control of Flowering, as well as the switching mechanism of phytochrome.
The format is just same as the test 2 format
Total of 100 marks
Photsynthesis lecture - 25 marks
Celllular respiration lecture - 19 marks
Plants responses to internal and external stimuli lecture - 43 marks
Secondary metabolites lecture - 13 marks
Study Photoperiodism and Control of Flowering, as well as the switching mechanism of phytochrome.
The format is just same as the test 2 format
Total of 100 marks
Photsynthesis lecture - 25 marks
Celllular respiration lecture - 19 marks
Plants responses to internal and external stimuli lecture - 43 marks
Secondary metabolites lecture - 13 marks
Answers
GPT-4o mini
Here’s an outline for a study guide based on the provided topics: Photoperiodism and Control of Flowering, and the switching mechanism of phytochrome, formatted similarly to your Test 2 structure.
## Study Guide: Photoperiodism, Control of Flowering, and Phytochrome Mechanism
### Total Marks: 100
---
### 1. **Photosynthesis Lecture - 25 Marks**
- **Key Concepts:**
- Light-dependent reactions: Location, inputs (light, water), outputs (ATP, NADPH, O2).
- Light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle): Location, inputs (ATP, NADPH, CO2), outputs (glucose).
- Factors affecting photosynthesis: Light intensity, CO2 concentration, temperature.
- **Important Terms:**
- Chlorophyll, thylakoid, stroma, photolysis, etc.
- **Potential Questions:**
- Explain the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis (5 marks).
- Describe the light-dependent reactions and their significance (10 marks).
- How do environmental factors influence the rate of photosynthesis? Give examples (10 marks).
---
### 2. **Cellular Respiration Lecture - 19 Marks**
- **Key Concepts:**
- Overview of cellular respiration pathways: Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, Electron Transport Chain (ETC).
- Aerobic vs. Anaerobic respiration: Key differences and energy yield.
- **Important Terms:**
- ATP, NADH, FADH2, pyruvate, etc.
- **Potential Questions:**
- Outline the steps of glycolysis and the net gain in ATP (7 marks).
- Compare aerobic and anaerobic respiration in terms of efficiency (6 marks).
- What is the role of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration? (6 marks).
---
### 3. **Plants Responses to Internal and External Stimuli Lecture - 43 Marks**
- **Key Concepts:**
- Phototropism: Mechanism and significance.
- Gravitropism: How roots and stems respond to gravity.
- Thigmotropism: Response of plants to touch.
- Overview of plant hormones and their roles (auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, ethylene, abscisic acid).
- Photoperiodism and flowering: Short-day vs. long-day plants.
- **Important Terms:**
- Auxin, gibberellin, ethylene, response mechanisms, etc.
- **Potential Questions:**
- Explain phototropism and the role of auxins in this response (10 marks).
- How do plants use photoperiodism to regulate flowering? Include examples (15 marks).
- Discuss the effects of abscisic acid in plant responses to environmental stress (8 marks).
- Describe the physiological mechanisms underlying tropisms (10 marks).
---
### 4. **Secondary Metabolites Lecture - 13 Marks**
- **Key Concepts:**
- Definition of secondary metabolites and their functions: Protection, competition, attraction.
- Main classes of secondary metabolites: Alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, phenolics.
- **Important Terms:**
- Allelopathy, phytoalexins, essential oils, etc.
- **Potential Questions:**
- Describe the role of terpenoids in plant defense mechanisms (5 marks).
- What are alkaloids, and how do they affect herbivores? Provide examples (8 marks).
---
## Study Tips
- **Review Past Lectures:** Go over your lecture notes and highlight key terms and concepts.
- **Practice Questions:** Test yourself with the potential questions provided for each section.
- **Group Study:** Discuss complex topics with peers for different perspectives.
- **Utilize Diagrams:** Draw and label diagrams related to photosynthesis, cellular respiration, and plant responses to solidify understanding.
- **Flashcards:** Create flashcards for important terms and their definitions for quick reviews.
Good luck with your studies!
## Study Guide: Photoperiodism, Control of Flowering, and Phytochrome Mechanism
### Total Marks: 100
---
### 1. **Photosynthesis Lecture - 25 Marks**
- **Key Concepts:**
- Light-dependent reactions: Location, inputs (light, water), outputs (ATP, NADPH, O2).
- Light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle): Location, inputs (ATP, NADPH, CO2), outputs (glucose).
- Factors affecting photosynthesis: Light intensity, CO2 concentration, temperature.
- **Important Terms:**
- Chlorophyll, thylakoid, stroma, photolysis, etc.
- **Potential Questions:**
- Explain the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis (5 marks).
- Describe the light-dependent reactions and their significance (10 marks).
- How do environmental factors influence the rate of photosynthesis? Give examples (10 marks).
---
### 2. **Cellular Respiration Lecture - 19 Marks**
- **Key Concepts:**
- Overview of cellular respiration pathways: Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, Electron Transport Chain (ETC).
- Aerobic vs. Anaerobic respiration: Key differences and energy yield.
- **Important Terms:**
- ATP, NADH, FADH2, pyruvate, etc.
- **Potential Questions:**
- Outline the steps of glycolysis and the net gain in ATP (7 marks).
- Compare aerobic and anaerobic respiration in terms of efficiency (6 marks).
- What is the role of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration? (6 marks).
---
### 3. **Plants Responses to Internal and External Stimuli Lecture - 43 Marks**
- **Key Concepts:**
- Phototropism: Mechanism and significance.
- Gravitropism: How roots and stems respond to gravity.
- Thigmotropism: Response of plants to touch.
- Overview of plant hormones and their roles (auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, ethylene, abscisic acid).
- Photoperiodism and flowering: Short-day vs. long-day plants.
- **Important Terms:**
- Auxin, gibberellin, ethylene, response mechanisms, etc.
- **Potential Questions:**
- Explain phototropism and the role of auxins in this response (10 marks).
- How do plants use photoperiodism to regulate flowering? Include examples (15 marks).
- Discuss the effects of abscisic acid in plant responses to environmental stress (8 marks).
- Describe the physiological mechanisms underlying tropisms (10 marks).
---
### 4. **Secondary Metabolites Lecture - 13 Marks**
- **Key Concepts:**
- Definition of secondary metabolites and their functions: Protection, competition, attraction.
- Main classes of secondary metabolites: Alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, phenolics.
- **Important Terms:**
- Allelopathy, phytoalexins, essential oils, etc.
- **Potential Questions:**
- Describe the role of terpenoids in plant defense mechanisms (5 marks).
- What are alkaloids, and how do they affect herbivores? Provide examples (8 marks).
---
## Study Tips
- **Review Past Lectures:** Go over your lecture notes and highlight key terms and concepts.
- **Practice Questions:** Test yourself with the potential questions provided for each section.
- **Group Study:** Discuss complex topics with peers for different perspectives.
- **Utilize Diagrams:** Draw and label diagrams related to photosynthesis, cellular respiration, and plant responses to solidify understanding.
- **Flashcards:** Create flashcards for important terms and their definitions for quick reviews.
Good luck with your studies!