In the Marvel Universe, the "Radioactive Spider" refers to a spider that bites Peter Parker (Spider-Man), giving him his superpowers. In real life, there isn't a specific spider that can be equated to the radioactive spider from the comics. However, the concept of a radioactive spider may refer to the potential effects of radiation on arachnids, although there are no known species that grant superhuman abilities as depicted in fiction.
In scientific terms, radioactive materials can lead to mutations, but these usually do not create beneficial or desirable traits. Instead, they can be harmful. In essence, while the radioactive spider is a compelling fictional trope, it does not have a direct counterpart in real biological science.