Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. It typically progresses through four stages, each with distinct signs and symptoms:
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Primary Syphilis:
- Chancre: A painless sore (ulcer) at the site of infection (often on genitalia, anus, or mouth).
- The chancre usually appears about three weeks after exposure and heals on its own within 3 to 6 weeks.
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Secondary Syphilis:
- Rash: This can appear as rough, reddish-brown spots on the body, often on the trunk, arms, and legs. It may resemble other skin conditions.
- Mucous Membrane Lesions: These are often seen in the mouth (called mucous membrane leukoplakia).
- Lymphadenopathy: Swelling of lymph nodes throughout the body.
- Flu-like Symptoms: Fatigue, fever, sore throat, and general malaise can occur.
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Latent Syphilis:
- This stage has no visible symptoms, but the infection remains in the body, often detectable through blood tests. It can last for years.
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Tertiary Syphilis (if left untreated):
- This stage can occur years after the initial infection and may involve serious complications, including:
- Gummas: Soft growths of tissue that can occur anywhere in the body.
- Cardiovascular Problems: Including aneurysms and heart valve issues.
- Neurological Issues: Such as syphilitic meningitis, paralysis, and sensory deficits (also known as neurosyphilis).
- This stage can occur years after the initial infection and may involve serious complications, including:
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Congenital Syphilis:
- If a pregnant woman has syphilis, she can pass it to her baby, leading to birth defects, stillbirth, or severe infection in the newborn.
It's important to note that not everyone will experience all the symptoms, and some may remain asymptomatic. If you suspect you have syphilis or have been exposed, it's important to seek medical attention for testing and treatment. Syphilis is treatable, typically with antibiotics such as penicillin.