Question

Bertrand Russell responds to skepticism by arguing that:


We can know that reality is composed of minds and their ideas.


It is not logically possible that reality is an illusion.


Skepticism is unreasonable.


We can conclusively prove that skepticism is impossible.

Answer 1

Bertrand Russell addresses skepticism by arguing that skepticism is unreasonable. He contended that while we may not have absolute certainty about our knowledge of the external world, it is reasonable to trust our experiences and the coherence of our interactions with the world. Therefore, he suggested that skepticism about the existence of the external world is often unwarranted, as it does not adequately take into account the practical aspects of knowledge and belief. Russell emphasized that the world is generally reliable based on the cumulative experiences and observations we make, even if they cannot be proven with absolute certainty. Thus, the most fitting response from Russell's perspective would be that skepticism is unreasonable.