The doctrine of privity in contract law means that only the parties involved in a contract have the right to enforce the terms of that contract or are bound by it. In other words, a contract cannot confer rights or impose obligations arising under it on any person or agent who is not a party to the contract. This principle ensures that only those who have entered into the agreement can seek remedies in the event of a breach or other dispute.
There are some exceptions to the doctrine of privity, such as certain statutory provisions that allow third parties to enforce contracts under specific circumstances, as well as cases where a contract is made for the benefit of a third party. These exceptions can vary by jurisdiction.