In 3–5 sentences, analyze two major challenges to newly independent states, citing one short-term effect and one long-term effect

Answer 1

Newly independent states often face significant challenges, such as establishing stable governance and managing ethnic or regional tensions. In the short term, political instability can lead to conflict or violence, undermining the fledgling state's authority and fostering an environment of insecurity. In the long term, prolonged instability can hinder economic development and social cohesion, potentially resulting in persistent poverty and political disenfranchisement. Moreover, the struggle to create a cohesive national identity in ethnically diverse nations may lead to secessionist movements or ongoing unrest, complicating efforts for unified state-building.