Question
Research Design and Methodology
Study Site/Location
This study was conducted in the Goroka Main Market, Eastern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea. The Goroka Main Market serves as a central hub for agricultural produce, including sweetpotato (ipomea batatas), from various districts within the province. This location provided direct access to small-scale subsistence farmers from eight different districts: Okapa, Bena, Lufa, Kainantu, Obura Wonenara, Henganofi, Goroka, and Daulo.
Research Design and Sampling Techniques
This research employed a descriptive survey design utilizing a qualitative approach with close-ended questionnaires. The sampling technique was convenience sampling, specifically targeting sweetpotato farmers present at the Goroka Main Market from the designated districts. While not a random sample, this approach allowed for direct engagement with farmers actively involved in sweetpotato cultivation and marketing. Farmers were selected based on their presence in the sweetpotato section of the market during the interview days and their willingness to participate.
Materials and Equipment
The primary material used was a set of carefully crafted, typed, and printed close-ended questionnaires. These questionnaires were designed to gather specific data points regarding farming practices, challenges, and needs related to sweetpotato cultivation. Notebooks,ruler and pens were used to meticulously record the farmers' responses and any additional suggestions or feedback provided during the interviews. No specialized laboratory equipment was used as this was a field-based interview study.
Sample Size (N) and Data Collection
The approximate sample size for this study was N = 32 individual farmers. This was calculated based on the interview schedule:
Day 1: 8 farmers from Okapa and Bena districts (4 each from Okapa and Bena district)
Day 2: 8 farmers (4 each from Lufa and Kainantu districts)
Day 3: 8 farmers (4 each from Obura Wonenara and Henganofi districts)
Day 4: 8 farmers (4 each from Goroka and Daulo districts)
Therefore, assuming four farmers from each from day one to day four, the total number of interviewees was 8+ 8+ 8 + 8 + 8 = 32 farmers. Re-reading the prompt, it states "On the first day of interviews, questionnaires were taken to Goroka Main Market, specifically targeting the kaukau farmers from the Okapa and Bena district in the kaukau section. Questions were asked based on the questionnaires to gather valuable insights about their farming practices and challenges. This initial engagement provided a foundation for understanding the needs of the farmers and how they navigate the market dynamics. The subsequent days consistently interviewed eight farmers from eight districts (four from each). Given the pattern, it is highly probable that eight farmers were interviewed on the first day till the fourth day. This would bring the total same as primarily qualitative in nature, despite using close-ended questionnaires. While the questions were structured to elicit specific information, the emphasis was on gathering "valuable insights," "feedbacks," and "suggestions," which are inherently qualitative. The data was collected through direct interviews conducted with the farmers at the Goroka Main Market. The interviewers asked questions based on the prepared questionnaires, and the responses were carefully noted.
Ethical Considerations and Informed Consent
Verbal informed consent was likely obtained from the participating farmers prior to the interviews. This would have involved briefly explaining the purpose of the questionnaire and ensuring their willingness to participate. Given the nature of a market-based interview in a community context, formal written consent may not have been practical or culturally appropriate, but verbal consent is was acceptable settings during interview from farmers. It is assumed that the researchers (I) respected the participants' right to decline participation. There is no mention of an institutional review board (IRB) process or ethical approval from a university or national research body (which I set). Similarly, there is no explicit mention of obtaining formal consent from the Goroka Main Market authorities or relevant district authorities, though it is good practice for researchers to inform and seek cooperation from such entities.
Data Analysis
Given that the data was collected using "close-ended qualitative questionnaires" and focused on gathering "insights," "feedbacks," and "suggestions," the analysis would likely involve a thematic analysis approach. This would entail:
write only the main points in 1 to 2 sentences using the information above that will be put it in the abstraction section
Study Site/Location
This study was conducted in the Goroka Main Market, Eastern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea. The Goroka Main Market serves as a central hub for agricultural produce, including sweetpotato (ipomea batatas), from various districts within the province. This location provided direct access to small-scale subsistence farmers from eight different districts: Okapa, Bena, Lufa, Kainantu, Obura Wonenara, Henganofi, Goroka, and Daulo.
Research Design and Sampling Techniques
This research employed a descriptive survey design utilizing a qualitative approach with close-ended questionnaires. The sampling technique was convenience sampling, specifically targeting sweetpotato farmers present at the Goroka Main Market from the designated districts. While not a random sample, this approach allowed for direct engagement with farmers actively involved in sweetpotato cultivation and marketing. Farmers were selected based on their presence in the sweetpotato section of the market during the interview days and their willingness to participate.
Materials and Equipment
The primary material used was a set of carefully crafted, typed, and printed close-ended questionnaires. These questionnaires were designed to gather specific data points regarding farming practices, challenges, and needs related to sweetpotato cultivation. Notebooks,ruler and pens were used to meticulously record the farmers' responses and any additional suggestions or feedback provided during the interviews. No specialized laboratory equipment was used as this was a field-based interview study.
Sample Size (N) and Data Collection
The approximate sample size for this study was N = 32 individual farmers. This was calculated based on the interview schedule:
Day 1: 8 farmers from Okapa and Bena districts (4 each from Okapa and Bena district)
Day 2: 8 farmers (4 each from Lufa and Kainantu districts)
Day 3: 8 farmers (4 each from Obura Wonenara and Henganofi districts)
Day 4: 8 farmers (4 each from Goroka and Daulo districts)
Therefore, assuming four farmers from each from day one to day four, the total number of interviewees was 8+ 8+ 8 + 8 + 8 = 32 farmers. Re-reading the prompt, it states "On the first day of interviews, questionnaires were taken to Goroka Main Market, specifically targeting the kaukau farmers from the Okapa and Bena district in the kaukau section. Questions were asked based on the questionnaires to gather valuable insights about their farming practices and challenges. This initial engagement provided a foundation for understanding the needs of the farmers and how they navigate the market dynamics. The subsequent days consistently interviewed eight farmers from eight districts (four from each). Given the pattern, it is highly probable that eight farmers were interviewed on the first day till the fourth day. This would bring the total same as primarily qualitative in nature, despite using close-ended questionnaires. While the questions were structured to elicit specific information, the emphasis was on gathering "valuable insights," "feedbacks," and "suggestions," which are inherently qualitative. The data was collected through direct interviews conducted with the farmers at the Goroka Main Market. The interviewers asked questions based on the prepared questionnaires, and the responses were carefully noted.
Ethical Considerations and Informed Consent
Verbal informed consent was likely obtained from the participating farmers prior to the interviews. This would have involved briefly explaining the purpose of the questionnaire and ensuring their willingness to participate. Given the nature of a market-based interview in a community context, formal written consent may not have been practical or culturally appropriate, but verbal consent is was acceptable settings during interview from farmers. It is assumed that the researchers (I) respected the participants' right to decline participation. There is no mention of an institutional review board (IRB) process or ethical approval from a university or national research body (which I set). Similarly, there is no explicit mention of obtaining formal consent from the Goroka Main Market authorities or relevant district authorities, though it is good practice for researchers to inform and seek cooperation from such entities.
Data Analysis
Given that the data was collected using "close-ended qualitative questionnaires" and focused on gathering "insights," "feedbacks," and "suggestions," the analysis would likely involve a thematic analysis approach. This would entail:
write only the main points in 1 to 2 sentences using the information above that will be put it in the abstraction section
Answers
Answered by
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This study, conducted in the Goroka Main Market of Papua New Guinea, utilized a descriptive survey design with qualitative close-ended questionnaires to gather insights from 32 sweetpotato farmers across eight districts. Data collection involved direct interviews, emphasizing ethical considerations such as verbal informed consent and community engagement, with subsequent analysis likely employing a thematic analysis approach to interpret the farmers' responses regarding their farming practices and challenges.
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