Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by an intense fear of gaining weight, a distorted body image, and severe restrictions on food intake. The symptoms can be both physical and psychological. Here are some common symptoms associated with anorexia nervosa:
Physical Symptoms:
- Significant weight loss: Often, individuals will lose a substantial amount of weight, leading to an underweight status.
- Thin appearance: The person may appear emaciated or overly thin.
- Extreme fatigue: Lack of sufficient nutrition can lead to low energy levels and fatigue.
- Cold intolerance: People may feel cold more easily due to a decreased metabolic rate and body fat.
- Hair and skin changes: This can include thinning hair, hair loss, dry skin, or lanugo (fine body hair).
- Digestive issues: Constipation, bloating, and other gastrointestinal problems may occur.
- Menstrual changes: For females, periods may become irregular or stop altogether (amenorrhea).
- Bradycardia: Slow heart rate may be observed.
- Hypotension: Low blood pressure is common.
- Electrolyte imbalances: This can lead to serious health issues, including heart problems.
Psychological Symptoms:
- Preoccupation with food and dieting: Constantly thinking about food, dieting, or weight.
- Distorted body image: Seeing oneself as overweight when they are underweight.
- Fear of gaining weight: An intense fear of becoming overweight, even when underweight.
- Denial of hunger: Often, individuals deny feelings of hunger or refuse to eat.
- Social withdrawal: Isolating from friends and family, avoiding social situations that involve food.
- Perfectionism: Often, individuals have high expectations of themselves and may strive for perfection in various aspects of their life.
Behavioral Symptoms:
- Restrictive eating patterns: Severe restriction of calories and food intake.
- Excessive exercise: Engaging in excessive physical activity to burn calories.
- Use of laxatives: Some may misuse laxatives or diuretics to control their weight.
- Binge eating followed by purging: In some cases, individuals may engage in binge eating followed by purging behaviors.
It is important to note that anorexia nervosa can have severe health consequences, including organ damage, and can be life-threatening if left untreated. If you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms of anorexia nervosa, it is crucial to seek professional help from a healthcare provider specializing in eating disorders.