Question

. Ethical Consideration and Conclusion (1 page)
• Address ethical considerations in conducting the research such as
Confidentiality, curbstoning, anonymity, written consent, etc.
• Outline and brief overviews of the chapters of the mini-dissertation. Insight, coherence, and logical flow about the use of electric scooter for students who dwell on and off campus and provide in text citations with referencing

Answer 1

### Ethical Considerations

Conducting research involving human participants demands a rigorous adherence to ethical standards to ensure the welfare, rights, and dignity of participants are maintained throughout the study. In this research on the use of electric scooters by students living on and off campus, several key ethical considerations must be addressed.

**Confidentiality and Anonymity**: The confidentiality of participants is paramount; all identifiable information collected during the study must be safeguarded. Participants should be assured that their responses will be anonymized in the reporting of findings. This is crucial for fostering an environment where students feel free to express their genuine opinions without fear of repercussions (Draugalis, Coons, & Plaza, 2008). To ensure anonymity, unique identifiers can be assigned to each participant, making it impossible to trace responses back to individuals.

**Informed Consent**: Informed consent is a fundamental ethical obligation in research (Beauchamp & Childress, 2013). Participants should be provided with comprehensive information about the study’s purpose, procedures, risks, and benefits prior to participation. Written consent forms should be utilized to document that participants understand the nature of the research and agree to participate voluntarily.

**Avoiding Curbstoning**: Curbstoning, or fabricating responses, is an unethical practice that compromises the integrity of research (Zikmund et al., 2010). Researchers must establish measures to prevent this, such as thorough training for data collectors and employing methods to validate responses.

**Right to Withdraw**: Participants must be informed of their right to withdraw from the study at any point without penalty. This reinforces the voluntary nature of participation and respects individual autonomy.

By addressing these ethical considerations, the study aims to uphold the highest standard of research integrity while ensuring the safety and dignity of all participants involved.

### Overview of Chapters

**Chapter 1: Introduction**
This chapter introduces the study's context, focusing on the rise of electric scooters as a mode of transportation among students. It outlines the objectives and significance of the research, as well as the research questions guiding the inquiry. A brief review of relevant literature will provide the background necessary to understand the trends in urban transportation and student mobility (Fishman, Washington, & Haworth, 2014).

**Chapter 2: Literature Review**
The literature review delves into existing studies on electric scooters, examining their impact on urban mobility, environmental benefits, and accessibility issues. Key themes will include the integration of scooters into campus life, sustainability aspects, and comparative analysis with other modes of transportation (Shaheen, Guzman, & Zhang, 2010). This chapter will highlight gaps in the literature that this study aims to address.

**Chapter 3: Methodology**
This chapter outlines the research design and methodology used to gather data. It describes the selection of participants, data collection methods (e.g., surveys and interviews), and analytical techniques employed to interpret the data. Ethical considerations associated with the research design will also be discussed, ensuring a comprehensive understanding of the approach taken (Creswell & Creswell, 2017).

**Chapter 4: Findings and Discussion**
In this chapter, the findings from the research are presented and analyzed. The discussion will link results back to the research questions, exploring the implications of electric scooter use among students who live on and off-campus. Patterns and themes identified in the data will be examined in relation to existing literature, providing a deeper understanding of students' transportation behaviors.

**Chapter 5: Conclusion and Recommendations**
The final chapter synthesizes the findings, addressing the research objectives and implications for future studies. It will also provide recommendations for university policy-makers and transportation planners regarding the integration of electric scooters into the campus transportation network. Suggestions for further research will be highlighted to contribute to a growing body of knowledge on this emerging topic.

### References
Beauchamp, T. L., & Childress, J. F. (2013). *Principles of Biomedical Ethics*. Oxford University Press.
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2017). *Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches*. Sage Publications.
Draugalis, J. R., Coons, S. J., & Plaza, C. M. (2008). *Best Practices for Survey Research Reports: A Synopsis for Authors and Reviewers*. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 72(1), 1-7.
Fishman, E., Washington, S., & Haworth, N. (2014). *Bikeshare’s Impact on Public Transit and Active Transport: A Review of the Evidence*. Journal of Transport and Health, 1(1), 13-24.
Shaheen, S., Guzman, S., & Zhang, L. (2010). *Bikesharing in Europe, the Americas, and Asia: Past, Present, and Future*. Transportation Research Record, 2143(1), 159-167.
Zikmund, W. G., Babin, B. J., Carr, J. C., & Griffin, M. (2010). *Business Research Methods*. Cengage Learning.