Infrared radiation is more likely to be absorbed by greenhouse gas molecules than to be transmitted or reflected. Greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), and water vapor (H₂O), have specific vibrational modes that allow them to absorb infrared radiation at certain wavelengths.
When infrared radiation encounters these molecules, it can be absorbed, causing the molecules to vibrate. After a short time, these molecules can re-radiate the absorbed energy in all directions, including back towards the Earth's surface, which contributes to the greenhouse effect. This process is crucial for maintaining the Earth's temperature and climate system.
In summary, infrared radiation is primarily absorbed by greenhouse gas molecules, leading to a warming effect, rather than being transmitted or reflected.