The best description of the shapes Louis chose is shapes with exactly one pair of parallel sides.
- The trapezoid has one pair of parallel sides.
- The isosceles trapezoid also has one pair of parallel sides.
- The irregular pentagon does not have to have parallel sides, but since it is included among the shapes with a common characteristic (the two trapezoids), the overall group can still be described based on the more definable trait of the trapezoids.
The shapes that Louis said do not belong (the parallelogram, irregular hexagon, and right triangle) either have two pairs of parallel sides or no pairs at all, indicating that those do not share the same key characteristic of having exactly one pair of parallel sides.