In-text citations vary based on the citation style you are using. Here are examples for some common citation styles:
APA (American Psychological Association)
In APA style, you use the author's last name and the year of publication. If you are quoting directly, you should also include the page number.
Example:
- Paraphrase: (Smith, 2020)
- Direct quote: (Smith, 2020, p. 15)
MLA (Modern Language Association)
In MLA style, you include the author's last name and the page number without a comma.
Example:
- Paraphrase: (Smith 15)
- Direct quote: (Smith 15)
Chicago Style
In Chicago style, you may use either footnotes/endnotes or author-date system. Here’s the author-date example:
Example:
- Paraphrase: (Smith 2020, 15)
- Direct quote: (Smith 2020, 15)
Harvard
In Harvard style, you also include the author's last name and the year of publication, and, if needed, the page number.
Example:
- Paraphrase: (Smith 2020)
- Direct quote: (Smith 2020, p. 15)
Citing Multiple Authors
- APA: (Smith & Jones, 2020) for two authors; (Smith et al., 2020) for three or more.
- MLA: (Smith and Jones 15) for two; (Smith et al. 15) for three or more.
- Chicago Author-Date: (Smith and Jones 2020, 15) for two; (Smith et al. 2020, 15) for three or more.
- Harvard: (Smith and Jones 2020, p. 15) for two; (Smith et al. 2020, p. 15) for three or more.
Make sure to choose the citation style that is required for your work or fits best with your project!