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Question

genocide, the deliberate and systematic destruction of a group of people because of their ethnicity, nationality, religion, or race. The term, derived from the Greek genos (“race,” “tribe,” or “nation”) and the Latin cide (“killing”), was coined by Raphael Lemkin, a Polish-born jurist who served as an adviser to the U.S. Department of War during World War II.

Although the term itself is of recent origin, genocide arguably has been practiced throughout history (though some observers have restricted its occurrence to a very few cases). According to Thucydides, for example, the people of Melos were slaughtered after refusing to surrender to the Athenians during the Peloponnesian War. Indeed, in ancient times it was common for victors in war to massacre all the men of a conquered population. The massacre of Cathari during the Albigensian Crusade in the 13th century is sometimes cited as the first modern case of genocide, though medieval scholars generally have resisted this characterization.

Answer 1

Genocide refers to the intentional and systematic annihilation of a specific group of individuals based on their ethnicity, nationality, religion, or race. The term combines the Greek word "genos," meaning "race," "tribe," or "nation," with the Latin "cide," which translates to "killing." This concept was introduced by Raphael Lemkin, a jurist of Polish descent who served as an advisor to the U.S. Department of War during World War II.

While the term itself emerged in the 20th century, acts of genocide can be traced throughout human history, though some scholars argue that its classification should be confined to only a select number of instances. For example, the historian Thucydides documented the massacre of the Melian population by the Athenians during the Peloponnesian War when they refused to capitulate. Historically, it was not uncommon for victorious armies to execute all the men of their conquered foes. The systematic persecution and slaughter of the Cathari during the Albigensian Crusade in the 13th century is occasionally referenced as one of the earliest examples of genocide in the modern sense, yet many medieval historians are wary of applying this label.