Question

How is the novel" Devil on the cross" an allegory of neo-colonialism in kenyaa,what literary devices ngugi uses to allegorise this neo- colonialism?

Answer 1

"Devil on the Cross" by Ngugi wa Thiong'o is a powerful allegorical novel that critiques neo-colonialism in Kenya, reflecting on the socio-political realities of the time. The novel uses a variety of literary devices to convey its themes and messages effectively.

### Allegorical Elements and Themes

1. **Characterization**:
- The characters in the novel often symbolize different aspects of society under neo-colonialism. For instance, figures like the protagonist, Wariinga, embody the struggles of the Kenyan people, while the exploitative figures represent the corrupt elite who benefit from colonial legacies.

2. **Symbolism**:
- The title itself, "Devil on the Cross," symbolizes the betrayal of the liberation struggles of the past by the new elites who have adopted colonial practices. The cross can represent both the burden of colonialism and the moral corruption of society.

3. **Setting**:
- The setting in a post-colonial Kenya highlights the disillusionment with independence. The tension between traditions and modernity showcases the ongoing influence of colonial powers in the lives of ordinary Kenyans.

4. **Myth and Folklore**:
- Ngugi employs traditional Kenyan folktales and myths, recontextualizing them to explore modern issues. This connection to cultural heritage emphasizes the importance of identity against the backdrop of neo-colonial exploitation.

5. **Satire**:
- The novel uses satire to critique the greed and moral decay of the new ruling class, portraying them as puppets of neo-colonial forces. This device reveals the absurdities of the post-colonial elite who mimic colonial patterns of oppression.

6. **Dialogue and Language**:
- The use of code-switching between English and Kikuyu reflects the complexities of identity and cultural hybridity in a neo-colonial landscape. This linguistic choice serves to highlight the tensions between colonial languages and indigenous cultures.

7. **Imagery**:
- Vivid imagery is used to depict the exploitation and suffering of the Kenyan people. The contrast between rich descriptions of natural beauty and the degradation of human life under neo-colonialism underscores the loss experienced by the society.

### Conclusion

Through these literary devices, Ngugi wa Thiong'o constructs a rich allegory of neo-colonialism in "Devil on the Cross." The novel serves as a critique of the socio-political realities in Kenya, illustrating how the promises of independence have often been undermined by corruption, economic exploitation, and the continued influence of Western powers. The blending of allegory with language, characterization, and cultural symbolism makes the novel a profound commentary on the complexities of post-colonial identity and social justice.