Vascular plants can be divided into groups based on C) the presence or absence of flowers and D) the presence or absence of seeds.
Specifically, vascular plants are commonly classified into two main groups:
- Angiosperms (flowering plants with seeds)
- Gymnosperms (non-flowering plants that also have seeds)
Additionally, non-seed vascular plants like ferns can be considered when discussing the presence or absence of seeds. So, both options C and D are correct in the context of classifying vascular plants.