13. Why are intramuscular injections given at the angle you listed?
Intramuscular injections are typically administered at a 90-degree angle to ensure that the medication is delivered deep into the muscle tissue. This angle allows for proper penetration of the needle through the skin and subcutaneous tissue, reaching the muscle where the medication can be absorbed more efficiently. Administering the injection at this angle minimizes the risk of hitting blood vessels, nerves, or bone and promotes optimal medication absorption.
14. Describe the correct technique for giving a Z-track injection
The Z-track injection technique is used to prevent medication from leaking back into the subcutaneous tissue and to minimize irritation. The correct technique involves the following steps:
- Prepare the injection site: Clean the area with an alcohol swab and allow it to dry completely.
- Displace the skin: Using your non-dominant hand, pull the skin and subcutaneous tissue to one side (laterally or downward) about 1-2 inches from the injection site to create a 'Z' shape.
- Insert the needle: Hold the syringe like a dart and insert the needle at a 90-degree angle to the skin quickly. Ensure the needle is in the muscle.
- Aspirate (optional): Pull the needle back slightly to check for blood return (this is optional based on current protocols).
- Inject medication: Slowly push the plunger to inject the medication into the muscle.
- Withdraw the needle: After the injection, withdraw the needle quickly while keeping the skin displaced.
- Release the skin: Once the needle is out, release the displaced skin. This method seals the injection site and prevents leakage of medication into the surrounding tissues.
15. Name three actions that can be taken to avoid needlesticks
- Use safety-engineered devices: Utilize needles and syringes with built-in safety features that automatically retract or shield the needle after use.
- Proper disposal: Immediately dispose of used needles and syringes in designated sharps containers, ensuring they are puncture-resistant and located within easy reach.
- Avoid recapping needles: Implement a strict policy against recapping needles after use. If recapping is unavoidable, use a one-handed technique or a device specifically designed for recapping.
16. What steps should be taken in the event of an accidental needlestick?
- Immediate washing: Wash the area of the needlestick thoroughly with soap and water to remove any potential contaminants.
- Report the incident: Notify your supervisor or designated workplace health professional about the needlestick injury as soon as possible.
- Follow workplace protocols: Adhere to the facility’s established protocols, which may include assessment of the source patient for bloodborne pathogens, possibly initiating post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), and receiving medical evaluation and follow-up as necessary.
- Document the incident: Fill out an incident report as required by workplace policy, providing details such as the nature of the injury, circumstances, and any immediate actions taken.