To find the force applied to the baseball, we can use Newton's second law of motion, which states that:
\[ F = m \cdot a \]
where:
- \( F \) is the force,
- \( m \) is the mass,
- \( a \) is the acceleration.
First, we need to convert the mass of the baseball from grams to kilograms, as the standard unit of mass in the metric system is kilograms:
\[ 145 \text{ g} = 0.145 \text{ kg} \]
Next, we can plug the values into the formula:
- Mass (\( m \)) = 0.145 kg
- Acceleration (\( a \)) = 80 m/s²
Now, calculate the force:
\[ F = 0.145 \text{ kg} \times 80 \text{ m/s}^2 \] \[ F = 11.6 \text{ N} \]
The force the pitcher applied to the baseball is 11.6 N.