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Question 23

A scientist is performing an investigation using biochemistry to show the evolutionary relationship between an unknown species and four known species. She compares the DNA of the same protein found in all five species.

Her data is shown in the table.

Species Sequence
unknown ACT GCA CCC
species I ACA GCA CCG
species II ACT GGT GGA
species III ACA GCA GGG
species IV ACT GCA CCG

The scientist claims that all living organisms are related by way of common descent. The comparison of which two species BEST supports her claim?

a
species I and species III
b
the unknown species and species II
c
the unknown species and species IV
d
species II and species IV
Question 24
Select three process that can increase the variation of a species.

a
budding
b
selective breeding
c
genetic engineering
d
cloning
e
mutations
f
fission
Question 25
How would the carbon cycle be disrupted if many plants on Earth died off?

a
The amount of water in Earth's atmosphere would decrease, trapping water vapor and causing Earth's atmosphere to become warmer.
b
The amount of carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere would increase, trapping water vapor and causing Earth's atmosphere to become warmer.
c
The amount of oxygen in Earth's atmosphere would increase, releasing water vapor and causing Earth's atmosphere to become cooler.
d
The amount of nitrogen in Earth's atmosphere would increase, releasing water vapor and causing Earth's temperature to become cooler.
Question 26
The picture shows a flower experiencing phototropism, a type of growth movement.

Which of the following best explains what is causing the response in the picture?

a
The plant is being stimulated by an internal stimulus, the need for growth, and is responding by trying to leaving its pot because of a lack of space.
b
The plant is being stimulated by an external stimulus, the indoor air, and is responding by growing toward the preferred outdoor air.
c
The plant is being stimulated by an external stimulus, the light through the window, and is responding by growing toward that light.
d
The plant is being stimulated by an internal stimulus, a need for water, and is responding by its roots pushing out of the soil in search of water.
Question 27
The model below shows the initial result of treating a population of bacteria with antibiotics. The red bacteria represent bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics.

image 822f1051b4d54ab8b644cf0f93f5a1a1

Which of the following describes what would MOST LIKELY happen to the bacteria population next?

a
No bacteria will be left after the red bacteria mutate and are killed by the antibiotic.
b
The red bacteria will remain, but will not be able to reproduce due to their exposure to the antibiotic.
c
The red bacteria will reproduce and pass on their traits to their offspring.
d
The red bacteria will reproduce, creating an equal number of red and blue offspring.
Question 28
According to Lynn Margulis's theory of endosymbiosis, bacteria entered large cells either as parasites or as undigested prey, as illustrated. All the following are proof that mitochondria and chloroplast evolved from bacteria, EXCEPT:

a
they each have a double membrane
b
they are the size of bacteria
c
their DNA is different from its host
d
they have chromosomes similar in shape to their host
Question 29
The drawings below show a young sunflower plant at different times of the day.

Which of the following best describes the plant's movement?

a
It bends toward water.
b
It bends away from light.
c
It bends toward light.
d
It bends away from the pull of gravity.
Question 30
The diagram shows the speciation of finches from different islands in the Galápagos Islands, as observed by Charles Darwin.

Which statement best explains the pattern of biodiversity in the finch population?

a
The finches migrated from different places.
b
The finches do not have the same food sources.
c
The finches are at various life stages.
d
The finches do not have a common ancestor.
Question 31
Often occurring in plants and some large mammals, the cartoon below shows an example of which type of reproductive isolation?

a
temporal
b
mechanical
c
geographic
d
behavioral
Question 32
Which statement best explains why someone who has received the flu vaccine can still get the flu?

a
The flu vaccine helped the flu virus to strengthen inside the person's body.
b
The flu vaccine helped the flu virus to spread inside the person's body.
c
The flu vaccine was too similar to the flu virus that was circulating in the community to protect against it.
d
The flu vaccine was not a close enough match to the flu virus that was circulating in the community to protect against it.
Question 33
Respiration has the greatest effect on which cycle?

a
phosphorus cycle
b
carbon cycle
c
nitrogen cycle
d
sulfur cycle
Question 34
The graph below illustrates the growth curves for two types of bacteria, A and B, as the pH of their surrounding mediums change.

What is true of Bacteria A?

a
It grows best in a medium that is slightly acidic.
b
It grows best in a medium that is neutral.
c
It grows best in a medium that is very basic.
d
It grows best in a medium that is slightly basic.
Question 35
Directions: The diagram below models part of the phosphorus cycle. Use the diagram to answer any questions that follow.

How is phosphorus transferred between animals and soil at N?

a
When animals move, it is released into the soil.
b
Consumers exhale it as a gas that is fixed by bacteria in the soil.
c
When heavy winds blow, it is eroded off of living things.
d
Decomposers break it down from wastes and dead animals.
Question 36
Mercury is a heavy metal found in industrial waste. When this waste is released into a water source, mercury is absorbed by fish and shellfish and stored in their flesh. Birds that consume the fish and shellfish also receive mercury, and contain a higher level than their prey. This condition is called _______

a
ecosytem adaptation.
b
natural selection.
c
mineral toxification.
d
biomagnification.
Question 37
Use the dichotomous key to identify the Bird W.



a
Certhidea
b
Geospiza
c
Camathynchus
d
Platyspiza

1 answer

Here are the answers to your questions:

Question 23: The comparison of which two species BEST supports her claim?
Answer: c - the unknown species and species IV
Species IV has the same sequence as the unknown for both the first and last segments, indicating a closer evolutionary relationship.

Question 24: Select three processes that can increase the variation of a species.
Answer: b - selective breeding, c - genetic engineering, e - mutations
These processes introduce new genetic variations into a population.

Question 25: How would the carbon cycle be disrupted if many plants on Earth died off?
Answer: b - The amount of carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere would increase, trapping water vapor and causing Earth's atmosphere to become warmer.
With fewer plants, less carbon dioxide would be absorbed, leading to higher atmospheric levels.

Question 26: Which of the following best explains what is causing the response in the picture?
Answer: c - The plant is being stimulated by an external stimulus, the light through the window, and is responding by growing toward that light.
Phototropism is a growth response toward light.

Question 27: Which of the following describes what would MOST LIKELY happen to the bacteria population next?
Answer: c - The red bacteria will reproduce and pass on their traits to their offspring.
Since the red bacteria are resistant, they will survive and reproduce.

Question 28: According to Lynn Margulis's theory of endosymbiosis, which is NOT proof that mitochondria and chloroplast evolved from bacteria?
Answer: d - they have chromosomes similar in shape to their host
While they have similarities, their chromosomes being different is more characteristic of their bacterial origins.

Question 29: Which of the following best describes the plant's movement?
Answer: c - It bends toward light.
The plant bends towards light as a growth response (phototropism).

Question 30: Which statement best explains the pattern of biodiversity in the finch population?
Answer: b - The finches do not have the same food sources.
Adaptive radiation leads to speciation based on different ecological niches and resources.

Question 31: The cartoon shows an example of which type of reproductive isolation?
Answer: d - behavioral
Behavioral isolation occurs when two populations have differences in courtship rituals or other behaviors that prevent them from breeding.

Question 32: Why can someone who received the flu vaccine still get the flu?
Answer: d - The flu vaccine was not a close enough match to the flu virus that was circulating in the community to protect against it.
Flu viruses mutate frequently, which means a mismatch can occur.

Question 33: Respiration has the greatest effect on which cycle?
Answer: b - carbon cycle
Respiration is integral to the carbon cycle, as it releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.

Question 34: What is true of Bacteria A?
Answer: a - It grows best in a medium that is slightly acidic.
Bacteria A's growth curve indicates it thrives in slightly acidic conditions.

Question 35: How is phosphorus transferred between animals and soil at N?
Answer: d - Decomposers break it down from wastes and dead animals.
Decomposers recycle nutrients, including phosphorus, back into the soil.

Question 36: This condition is called _______.
Answer: d - biomagnification.
Biomagnification describes how toxins become more concentrated in organisms higher in the food chain.

Question 37: Use the dichotomous key to identify the Bird W.
Unfortunately, as I cannot see the diagram of the dichotomous key, I cannot provide an answer without that information.

If you have the specific characteristics listed in the dichotomous key, I'd be happy to help you identify Bird W!