Dr. Roberts is treating a patient with an infectious disease. Their medication will eradicate the bacteria causing the illness at a continuous rate of 0.8% per hour. How long will it take until the bacteria is 99% gone?

1 answer

To determine how long it will take for the bacteria to be 99% gone with a continuous rate of eradication of 0.8% per hour, we can use the exponential decay formula:

\[ N(t) = N_0 e^{-kt} \]

Where:

  • \( N(t) \) is the amount of bacteria remaining at time \( t \),
  • \( N_0 \) is the initial amount of bacteria,
  • \( k \) is the decay constant (rate of eradication), and
  • \( t \) is time in hours.

In this case, \( k = 0.008 \) (since 0.8% as a decimal is 0.008), and we want to find \( t \) when \( N(t) \) is 1% of \( N_0 \) (meaning 99% has been eradicated).

Setting up the equation:

\[ N(t) = N_0 \cdot (1 - 0.99) = 0.01N_0 \]

Substituting into the decay formula:

\[ 0.01N_0 = N_0 e^{-0.008t} \]

Dividing both sides by \( N_0 \) (assuming \( N_0 \) is not zero):

\[ 0.01 = e^{-0.008t} \]

To solve for \( t \), we take the natural logarithm of both sides:

\[ \ln(0.01) = -0.008t \]

Calculating \( \ln(0.01) \):

\[ \ln(0.01) \approx -4.60517 \]

Now substituting back into the equation gives:

\[ -4.60517 = -0.008t \]

Now, solving for \( t \):

\[ t = \frac{-4.60517}{-0.008} \approx 575.64625 \]

Rounding to two decimal places:

\[ t \approx 575.65 \text{ hours} \]

Thus, it will take approximately 575.65 hours for the bacteria to be 99% gone.