A group of students is working on an assignment to determine how changes in a gene can cause a lung disorder called Cystic Fibrosis. The gene for a lung protein called the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Regulator (CFRT) is on Chromosome 7. If the CFRT protein is not correctly formed, the mucus of the lungs becomes thick and sticky, leading to serious lung disease. The students decide to find and compare a segment of the gene coding for the normal CFRT protein and a frequent mutation of that protein, and make a table of their information.

Question

Information
Normal Gene Base Sequence
ATC

ATC

TTT

GGT

GTT

Amino Acid Coded For
isoleucine

isoleucine

phenylalanine

glycine

valine

Mutated Gene Base Sequence
ATC

ATT

GGT

GTT



Amino Acid Coded For
isoleucine

isoleucine

glycine

valine




Question
What ,begin emphasis,two,end emphasis, reasons would the students choose for this particular segment of the gene as evidence that the gene sequence affected the function of the CFTR protein in the cells of the lungs?

Answer options with 5 options
A.
Genes are proteins; therefore genes will affect how proteins function in the body.

B.
Proteins are important nutrients; dietary protein is essential to support normal cell functions.

C.
The sequence of DNA bases in a gene codes directly for the sequence of amino acids in a protein.

D.
Amino acids link to form proteins; the order of amino acids will affect the shape of the final protein.

E.
Chromosomes are made of DNA; some portions of the DNA are genes, while others are non-coding "junk" DNA.

Answer 1

The two most relevant reasons the students would choose for this particular segment of the gene as evidence that the gene sequence affects the function of the CFTR protein in the cells of the lungs are:

C. The sequence of DNA bases in a gene codes directly for the sequence of amino acids in a protein.

D. Amino acids link to form proteins; the order of amino acids will affect the shape of the final protein.

These statements directly address the relationship between gene sequences, amino acid coding, and protein function, which is central to understanding how mutations can lead to diseases such as Cystic Fibrosis.