Controlling bleeding is a critical skill in first aid and emergency situations. Here are the standard procedures to control bleeding:
1. Assess the Situation
- Ensure Safety: Make sure the scene is safe for you and the injured person before approaching.
- Assess the Victim: Determine the severity of the bleeding and the overall condition of the individual.
2. Call for Help
- Emergency Services: If the bleeding is severe or life-threatening, call emergency services immediately.
3. Protect Yourself
- Use Gloves: If available, wear disposable gloves to protect yourself from bloodborne pathogens.
4. Position the Victim
- Lay Them Down: If possible, have the victim lie down to minimize the risk of shock and reduce the heart’s workload.
5. Apply Direct Pressure
- Use a Clean Cloth or Bandage: Place a sterile dressing or a clean cloth over the bleeding wound.
- Apply Firm Pressure: Press down continuously with enough pressure to control the bleeding. (Do not remove the cloth if it becomes soaked; instead, add more layers on top.)
6. Elevate the Injured Area
- Raise the Limb: If the injury is to an arm or leg, raise it above the level of the heart, if possible, while continuing to apply pressure.
7. Use a Tourniquet (if necessary)
- For Severe Bleeding: If direct pressure does not control the bleeding from a limb and it’s life-threatening, you may need to apply a tourniquet.
- Positioning: Apply it a few inches above the wound (not directly over the joint) and tighten until the bleeding stops.
- Note the Time: Record the time the tourniquet was applied, as prolonged use can cause tissue damage.
8. Monitor the Victim
- Check for Shock: Monitor for signs of shock, such as pale skin, rapid breathing, or confusion. Keep the person warm and comfortable until help arrives.
9. Do Not Remove Objects
- If an Object is Embedded: If there’s a foreign object embedded in the wound, do not remove it. Instead, stabilize it with dressings and apply pressure around it.
10. Follow Up
- Await Emergency Services: Continue to monitor the victim and provide reassurance until professional help arrives.
- Provide Information: Be prepared to inform emergency personnel about the injuries and any first aid provided.
Additional Considerations
- Remember to always wash your hands or sanitize after providing assistance, even if you wore gloves.
- Keep the injured area clean and avoid using alcohol or iodine on open wounds unless directed by professionals.
These procedures can help prevent excessive blood loss and make a significant difference in emergency situations. Training in first aid and CPR is highly recommended to better prepare you to handle these situations effectively.