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A simplified model of protein synthesis is shown below.

How might this model be revised to show a more accurate depiction of protein synthesis?
Responses
A Between processes 1 and 2, the mRNA must leave the nucleus.Between processes 1 and 2, the mRNA must leave the nucleus.
B Prior to process 1, DNA should copy itself to allow the cell to divide.Prior to process 1, DNA should copy itself to allow the cell to divide.
C After process 2, the completed protein should travel back to the nucleus.After process 2, the completed protein should travel back to the nucleus.
D During process 2, the ribosome should remove any mutated nucleotides from the mRNA.

1 answer

The most accurate revision to the model of protein synthesis would be:

A. Between processes 1 and 2, the mRNA must leave the nucleus.

In protein synthesis, the mRNA is transcribed from DNA in the nucleus (process 1) and then it must exit the nucleus and enter the cytoplasm where translation occurs at the ribosomes (process 2). This step is essential for the sequential processes of protein synthesis to occur correctly and is not adequately represented in the simplified model.

The other options are not accurate in the context of the standard process of protein synthesis:

  • B is more about DNA replication prior to cell division, which is not directly related to the steps of protein synthesis itself.
  • C is incorrect because finished proteins do not travel back to the nucleus; instead, they perform their functions in the cytoplasm or are secreted from the cell.
  • D is inaccurate as ribosomes do not remove mutated nucleotides; they simply translate the mRNA as it is. Any mutations would end up in the protein unless there are specific cellular mechanisms to address this (which isn't part of the standard protein synthesis model).