Question
#practucal.
1). Preparing of calcium carbonate.
A calcium carbonate is a white insoluble solid occuring naturally as chalk , limestone, marble and calcite.It is a useful building material.Devise a way of making some calcium carbonate from the substance provided.Obtain it as a power.
a). Write a method.
b) Write balanced equation for the reaction used.
c) Net ionic equation:
d). observations:
1). Preparing of calcium carbonate.
A calcium carbonate is a white insoluble solid occuring naturally as chalk , limestone, marble and calcite.It is a useful building material.Devise a way of making some calcium carbonate from the substance provided.Obtain it as a power.
a). Write a method.
b) Write balanced equation for the reaction used.
c) Net ionic equation:
d). observations:
Answers
GPT-4o mini
Here’s a practical guide to preparing calcium carbonate, focusing on method, balanced equations, net ionic equations, and observations.
### 1. Preparing Calcium Carbonate
#### a) Method
**Materials Needed:**
- Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂) – this can be obtained by adding water to calcium oxide (quicklime).
- Carbon dioxide (CO₂) – can be generated from vinegar (acetic acid, CH₃COOH) reacting with baking soda (sodium bicarbonate, NaHCO₃) or can be sourced from compressed CO₂ gas.
- Distilled water
- Beakers
- Stirring rod
- Filtration apparatus (filter paper and funnel)
- Drying oven or heat source
- Mortar and pestle (to grind the powder)
**Steps:**
1. **Making Calcium Hydroxide:**
- In a beaker, mix 1 part of calcium oxide with 2 parts of distilled water carefully. This will create a slaked lime solution (Calcium hydroxide).
- Stir the mixture thoroughly and let it settle to form a clear solution.
2. **Carbonation:**
- Introduce carbon dioxide into the calcium hydroxide solution. This can be done by bubbling CO₂ gas through the solution or by mixing in vinegar with solid baking soda.
- The bubbling reaction will produce bubbles and cause the solution to become cloudy as calcium carbonate precipitates.
3. **Precipitation:**
- Allow the solution to sit so that calcium carbonate precipitates at the bottom of the container.
4. **Filtration:**
- Carefully decant the clear liquid from the precipitated solid. Then, filter the remaining mixture using filter paper and a funnel to collect the solid calcium carbonate.
5. **Washing:**
- Wash the precipitate with a small amount of distilled water to remove any impurities or unreacted materials.
6. **Drying:**
- Transfer the calcium carbonate to a drying oven or leave it in a warm, dry location until fully dried.
7. **Grinding:**
- Once dry, use a mortar and pestle to grind the calcium carbonate into a fine powder.
#### b) Balanced Equation for the Reaction Used
The overall balanced reaction for the formation of calcium carbonate when calcium hydroxide reacts with carbon dioxide can be represented as:
\[ Ca(OH)_2 (aq) + CO_2 (g) \rightarrow CaCO_3 (s) + H_2O (l) \]
#### c) Net Ionic Equation
The net ionic equation focuses on the species that undergo a change during the reaction. For this reaction, it can be written as:
\[ Ca^{2+} (aq) + CO_3^{2-} (aq) \rightarrow CaCO_3 (s) \]
Where the carbonate ion \( CO_3^{2-} \) is formed in solution when carbon dioxide reacts with water forming carbonic acid which then ionizes in the solution.
#### d) Observations
- **Initial Reaction:** When the carbon dioxide is bubbled through the calcium hydroxide solution, you will observe the formation of bubbles and the solution becoming cloudy due to the formation of calcium carbonate.
- **Settling:** After allowing the mixture to stand, you will notice a solid precipitate form at the bottom of the container.
- **Filtration and washing:** The filtrate (the liquid that passes through the filter) will be clear, while the remaining solid on the filter paper will be white.
- **Final Product:** After drying, the calcium carbonate obtained will appear as a fine white powder.
This method allows you to successfully produce calcium carbonate from readily available substances, and it demonstrates a typical precipitation reaction in inorganic chemistry.
### 1. Preparing Calcium Carbonate
#### a) Method
**Materials Needed:**
- Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂) – this can be obtained by adding water to calcium oxide (quicklime).
- Carbon dioxide (CO₂) – can be generated from vinegar (acetic acid, CH₃COOH) reacting with baking soda (sodium bicarbonate, NaHCO₃) or can be sourced from compressed CO₂ gas.
- Distilled water
- Beakers
- Stirring rod
- Filtration apparatus (filter paper and funnel)
- Drying oven or heat source
- Mortar and pestle (to grind the powder)
**Steps:**
1. **Making Calcium Hydroxide:**
- In a beaker, mix 1 part of calcium oxide with 2 parts of distilled water carefully. This will create a slaked lime solution (Calcium hydroxide).
- Stir the mixture thoroughly and let it settle to form a clear solution.
2. **Carbonation:**
- Introduce carbon dioxide into the calcium hydroxide solution. This can be done by bubbling CO₂ gas through the solution or by mixing in vinegar with solid baking soda.
- The bubbling reaction will produce bubbles and cause the solution to become cloudy as calcium carbonate precipitates.
3. **Precipitation:**
- Allow the solution to sit so that calcium carbonate precipitates at the bottom of the container.
4. **Filtration:**
- Carefully decant the clear liquid from the precipitated solid. Then, filter the remaining mixture using filter paper and a funnel to collect the solid calcium carbonate.
5. **Washing:**
- Wash the precipitate with a small amount of distilled water to remove any impurities or unreacted materials.
6. **Drying:**
- Transfer the calcium carbonate to a drying oven or leave it in a warm, dry location until fully dried.
7. **Grinding:**
- Once dry, use a mortar and pestle to grind the calcium carbonate into a fine powder.
#### b) Balanced Equation for the Reaction Used
The overall balanced reaction for the formation of calcium carbonate when calcium hydroxide reacts with carbon dioxide can be represented as:
\[ Ca(OH)_2 (aq) + CO_2 (g) \rightarrow CaCO_3 (s) + H_2O (l) \]
#### c) Net Ionic Equation
The net ionic equation focuses on the species that undergo a change during the reaction. For this reaction, it can be written as:
\[ Ca^{2+} (aq) + CO_3^{2-} (aq) \rightarrow CaCO_3 (s) \]
Where the carbonate ion \( CO_3^{2-} \) is formed in solution when carbon dioxide reacts with water forming carbonic acid which then ionizes in the solution.
#### d) Observations
- **Initial Reaction:** When the carbon dioxide is bubbled through the calcium hydroxide solution, you will observe the formation of bubbles and the solution becoming cloudy due to the formation of calcium carbonate.
- **Settling:** After allowing the mixture to stand, you will notice a solid precipitate form at the bottom of the container.
- **Filtration and washing:** The filtrate (the liquid that passes through the filter) will be clear, while the remaining solid on the filter paper will be white.
- **Final Product:** After drying, the calcium carbonate obtained will appear as a fine white powder.
This method allows you to successfully produce calcium carbonate from readily available substances, and it demonstrates a typical precipitation reaction in inorganic chemistry.