Here are the interpretations for the given plates and questions:
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On plate B, which season is Time A? Start of summer
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On plate B, which season is Time A + 6 months? Start of winter
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On plate F, which season is Time A? Start of winter
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On plate F, which season is Time A + 6 months? Start of summer
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In general, how are seasons in the northern hemisphere related to seasons in the southern hemisphere?
When it is summer in the northern hemisphere, it is winter in the southern hemisphere, and vice versa. Seasons are opposite in the two hemispheres.