To categorize the statements as claims or counterclaims, we should define a claim as an assertion that supports a particular argument, while a counterclaim is an assertion that opposes or challenges that argument.
Claims:
A. Cell phones prevent walkers or runners from hearing danger approaching.
B. Cell phones are a constant distraction in the academic classroom.
C. Cell phones can even improve retention with music as a memory aid.
D. Cell phones can be useful in classes that require significant amounts of silent work: art or creative writing classes, for example.
Counterclaims: E. Cell phones create anti-social behavior, preventing the development of the art of conversation.
In this categorization:
- Statements A, B, C, and D present various viewpoints about the effects and utility of cell phones, either warning against their use or highlighting their benefits.
- Statement E challenges a potential positive view of cell phones regarding social interaction, positioning it as a counterclaim.