What kind of organisms are most likely to colonize an area following the melting of a glacier?

Question

1.grasses
2.shrubs
3.lichen
4.pine trees

Answer 1

Following the melting of a glacier, the first organisms to colonize the newly exposed land are typically lichens. Lichens are pioneer species that can thrive in harsh conditions, including cold temperatures and nutrient-poor substrates. They are capable of breaking down bare rock and contributing to soil formation, which paves the way for other plant species like grasses, shrubs, and eventually trees to establish themselves in the ecosystem.