Question

Magma is molten (liquid) rock under Earth’s surface. Based on the image, how do you think magma turns into extrusive igneous rock?

Answer 1

Magma turns into extrusive igneous rock through the process of volcanic eruptions. When magma rises to the surface due to pressure from within the Earth, it can erupt through volcanoes or fissures. Once it reaches the surface, the magma is termed lava. As the lava cools and solidifies quickly upon exposure to the lower temperatures of the atmosphere or water, it crystallizes into extrusive igneous rock. This rapid cooling results in fine-grained or glassy textures, as the mineral crystals do not have much time to grow large before solidification occurs. Examples of extrusive igneous rocks include basalt and pumice.