Question
“In Puebla [1] there are large woolen mills in which the laborers weave fine cloth, from which the Spanish owners make handsome profits. And those who work in the mills are still not devout in their Christianity. To keep their mills supplied with labor, the owners hire people who use all sorts of trickery to enlist poor Indians to start working in the mills. Often, the poor fellows never again get outside that prison until they die. In this way, they have even tricked many married Indians, who have disappeared here for twenty years or longer, without their wives or children knowing anything about them. And although the Royal Council of the Indies has tried to remedy this evil with instructions and orders for proper administration and the Viceroy of New Spain appoints mill inspectors to address such abuses, most of those who take these positions seek only to enrich themselves and accept bribes from the mill owners. This is the usual state of affairs in all the mills of this city.” Antonio Vázquez de Espinosa, Spanish Christian monk and missionary, travel account, 1629 1 a city located in south-central Mexico 8. In the period 1450–1750, the most significant difference between economic production in the Americas, as described in the passage, and economic production in the Indian Ocean was that, unlike in the Americas, Test Booklet Wednesday Class MCQ AP World History: Modern Page 3 of 10
(A) native artisans and merchants continued to dominate economic production in the Indian Ocean (B) Europeans dominated economic production by establishing industrial manufacturing centers in the Indian Ocean (C) European domination of economic production in the Indian Ocean depended on large-scale colonization (D) native merchants in the Indian Ocean were greatly impoverished by the flood of cheap European textile exports into their communities 9. The description of the labor practices in the second paragraph best supports the conclusion that (A) European colonial authorities were successful in ending forced indigenous labor in the Americas (B) Europeans continued to rely on forced indigenous labor despite a steady increase in the use of African enslaved persons in the Americas (C) European missionaries were more concerned about the religious practices of indigenous peoples than about their working conditions (D) European merchants exploited racial tensions between various indigenous groups to increase their profits 10. The author’s description of the efforts of the Spanish authorities in the third paragraph most directly supports which of the following conclusions? (A) Although most European monarchs continued to centralize their authority in Europe, European elites in the Americas often found ways to ignore the demands of imperial authorities. (B) Native American populations in the Americas often openly disobeyed imperial orders. (C) Although European states reduced the power of the Catholic Church in Europe, the Church was usually able to defy state authority in the Americas. (D) Intermarriage between European colonists and indigenous elites produced a mestizo nobility. 11. The author’s remark in the first paragraph about the religious practices of the Puebla mill workers best illustrates that (A) Protestant religious practices were becoming widely popular among indigenous peoples in the Americas (B) many indigenous peoples in the Americas maintained traditional religious practices even after their formal conversion to Christianity (C) Roman Catholic missionaries feared that the spread of Enlightenment ideas to the Americas was leading many indigenous people to reject religion (D) mistreatment of industrial workers in the Americas often encouraged the spread of syncretic religious traditions
(A) native artisans and merchants continued to dominate economic production in the Indian Ocean (B) Europeans dominated economic production by establishing industrial manufacturing centers in the Indian Ocean (C) European domination of economic production in the Indian Ocean depended on large-scale colonization (D) native merchants in the Indian Ocean were greatly impoverished by the flood of cheap European textile exports into their communities 9. The description of the labor practices in the second paragraph best supports the conclusion that (A) European colonial authorities were successful in ending forced indigenous labor in the Americas (B) Europeans continued to rely on forced indigenous labor despite a steady increase in the use of African enslaved persons in the Americas (C) European missionaries were more concerned about the religious practices of indigenous peoples than about their working conditions (D) European merchants exploited racial tensions between various indigenous groups to increase their profits 10. The author’s description of the efforts of the Spanish authorities in the third paragraph most directly supports which of the following conclusions? (A) Although most European monarchs continued to centralize their authority in Europe, European elites in the Americas often found ways to ignore the demands of imperial authorities. (B) Native American populations in the Americas often openly disobeyed imperial orders. (C) Although European states reduced the power of the Catholic Church in Europe, the Church was usually able to defy state authority in the Americas. (D) Intermarriage between European colonists and indigenous elites produced a mestizo nobility. 11. The author’s remark in the first paragraph about the religious practices of the Puebla mill workers best illustrates that (A) Protestant religious practices were becoming widely popular among indigenous peoples in the Americas (B) many indigenous peoples in the Americas maintained traditional religious practices even after their formal conversion to Christianity (C) Roman Catholic missionaries feared that the spread of Enlightenment ideas to the Americas was leading many indigenous people to reject religion (D) mistreatment of industrial workers in the Americas often encouraged the spread of syncretic religious traditions
Answers
GPT-4o mini
Here are the answers to the questions based on the passage provided:
**8.** The most significant difference between economic production in the Americas, as described in the passage, and economic production in the Indian Ocean was that, unlike in the Americas,
**(A) native artisans and merchants continued to dominate economic production in the Indian Ocean.**
This option aligns with historical context, as the Indian Ocean trade network involved established native merchants and artisans who were able to engage in trade despite European presence, while in the Americas, European powers were more directly controlling labor and production.
**9.** The description of the labor practices in the second paragraph best supports the conclusion that
**(B) Europeans continued to rely on forced indigenous labor despite a steady increase in the use of African enslaved persons in the Americas.**
This is supported by the passage, which discusses the exploitation and trickery used to trap indigenous workers in mills despite the existence of enslaved African labor.
**10.** The author's description of the efforts of the Spanish authorities in the third paragraph most directly supports which of the following conclusions?
**(A) Although most European monarchs continued to centralize their authority in Europe, European elites in the Americas often found ways to ignore the demands of imperial authorities.**
The passage illustrates how local mill owners were able to circumvent regulations intended to protect indigenous workers, indicating a disconnect between European authority and colonial practice.
**11.** The author's remark in the first paragraph about the religious practices of the Puebla mill workers best illustrates that
**(B) many indigenous peoples in the Americas maintained traditional religious practices even after their formal conversion to Christianity.**
The passage indicates that mill workers were "still not devout in their Christianity," suggesting a retention of prior beliefs alongside or in place of their officially adopted religion.
These answers utilize evidence from the passage, contextual knowledge, and critical reasoning about historical economic and social conditions during the specified period.
**8.** The most significant difference between economic production in the Americas, as described in the passage, and economic production in the Indian Ocean was that, unlike in the Americas,
**(A) native artisans and merchants continued to dominate economic production in the Indian Ocean.**
This option aligns with historical context, as the Indian Ocean trade network involved established native merchants and artisans who were able to engage in trade despite European presence, while in the Americas, European powers were more directly controlling labor and production.
**9.** The description of the labor practices in the second paragraph best supports the conclusion that
**(B) Europeans continued to rely on forced indigenous labor despite a steady increase in the use of African enslaved persons in the Americas.**
This is supported by the passage, which discusses the exploitation and trickery used to trap indigenous workers in mills despite the existence of enslaved African labor.
**10.** The author's description of the efforts of the Spanish authorities in the third paragraph most directly supports which of the following conclusions?
**(A) Although most European monarchs continued to centralize their authority in Europe, European elites in the Americas often found ways to ignore the demands of imperial authorities.**
The passage illustrates how local mill owners were able to circumvent regulations intended to protect indigenous workers, indicating a disconnect between European authority and colonial practice.
**11.** The author's remark in the first paragraph about the religious practices of the Puebla mill workers best illustrates that
**(B) many indigenous peoples in the Americas maintained traditional religious practices even after their formal conversion to Christianity.**
The passage indicates that mill workers were "still not devout in their Christianity," suggesting a retention of prior beliefs alongside or in place of their officially adopted religion.
These answers utilize evidence from the passage, contextual knowledge, and critical reasoning about historical economic and social conditions during the specified period.