The most likely explanation for John's compost pile not decomposing well and feeling cold is:
The compost pile contained incorrect amounts of "greens" and "browns."
A proper balance of "greens" (nitrogen-rich materials) and "browns" (carbon-rich materials) is essential for effective composting. An imbalance can result in slower decomposition and may lead to a cooler pile, as the microbial activity that breaks down the materials relies on the correct ratios of these components.