Vascular plants can be divided into groups based on a color B the presence or absence of flowers see size d the presence or absence of seeds

Answer 1

Vascular plants can indeed be classified into groups based on various characteristics, but the most relevant classification based on your options would be:

D. the presence or absence of seeds.

This classification distinguishes between:

1. Seedless vascular plants: Such as ferns and horsetails, which reproduce via spores.
2. Seed vascular plants: Which can be further divided into:
   • Gymnosperms: Seed-producing plants that do not form flowers or fruit (e.g., conifers).
   • Angiosperms: Seed-producing plants that produce flowers and fruit.

While color, size, and the presence or absence of flowers can indeed describe aspects of vascular plants, they are not primary criteria for classifying the groups as seeds are.