The best specimens to study for learning about the amount of rainfall and the kinds of plants that grew during that time are Fossilized Pollen and Tree rings.
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Fossilized Pollen: Pollen grains provide direct evidence of the types of plants that were present at a certain time, which can give insight into the vegetation and climate conditions of that period.
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Tree rings: Tree rings can provide information about past climatic conditions, such as rainfall and temperature, as the growth patterns in trees are influenced by these factors. Wider rings typically indicate years of plentiful rainfall, while narrower rings can suggest drought conditions.
Together, these two specimens can give a comprehensive picture of past ecosystem dynamics and climate conditions.