The Mughal Empire's relationship with Sikhism was complex and evolved over time. Sikhism was founded in the late 15th century by Guru Nanak Dev Ji, and it developed over the following centuries, particularly during the time of the later Sikh Gurus.
Initially, the Mughal emperors, especially Akbar, had a more tolerant approach towards different religions, including Sikhism. Akbar is known for his policy of religious pluralism and even had discussions with Guru Arjan Dev Ji, the fifth Sikh Guru. However, after Akbar's death, the Mughal Empire's stance began to shift, particularly under the rule of Aurangzeb, who reigned from 1658 to 1707.
Aurangzeb is often characterized as more orthodox and less tolerant than his predecessors; he implemented policies that led to the persecution of various religious communities, including Sikhs. Several Sikh leaders, including Guru Tegh Bahadur (the ninth Guru), were executed during this period. Furthermore, the Sikh community faced significant oppression, leading to armed resistance and the eventual establishment of the Khalsa under Guru Gobind Singh, the tenth Guru.
As a result, the relationship between the Mughals and Sikhs became increasingly antagonistic, culminating in conflict. The Sikh community became politically organized, and the opposition to Mughal rule contributed to the eventual rise of Sikh power in the region, leading to the establishment of the Sikh Empire in the 18th century.
In summary, while the early relationship between Sikhism and the Mughal Empire was marked by periods of tolerance, it later saw significant opposition and conflict, particularly during the reign of Aurangzeb.