Question
Standards: HS-LS3-2: Make and defend a claim based on evidence that inheritable genetic variations may result from (1) new genetic combinations through meiosis, (2) viable errors occurring during replication, and/or (3) mutations caused by environmental factors.
Objective: To gather data that helps determine if temperature affects the gender of developing embryos.
Part A: How does temperature affect the sex of developing bird embryos?
Introduction:
In humans, sex is typically determined by sex chromosomes. Females inherit two X chromosomes. Males inherit one X and one Y chromosome. However, in some species inheritance doesn’t always determine sex. Instead, the environment can play a role in determining whether an organism develops as a male or female.
Hypothesis:
1. A hypothesis is a proposed explanation for an observation. Hypotheses must be testable. How do you think temperature will affect the sex of developing bird embryos?
(1 point)
If the temperature increases, then there will be more
birds hatched.
Question 2
Experiment Directions:
Click here for the Gizmo to run three trials at each temperature listed in the table below.
Bird Temperature 1:
Look at the simulation. In the bottom right hand corner of the “incubator” the drop-down menu should say “bird”.
Now, look above the incubator for the temperature.
Move the toggle bar to the left to set the temperature to 78 oF.
Look at the right side of the simulation.
Find the tab that says “bar chart”. Click on it.
Underneath the X-axis is a box that says “show numerical values". Click it.
According to the bar chart, there are 100 eggs in the incubator.
The light green represents the females, and the blue the males.
Look back to the incubator picture. On the bottom left, there are controls. Click the play button.
The simulation will stop when all the eggs have hatched.
Record the number of females and males in the data table.
Using the controls, click the reset button.
Click play again to conduct a second trial.
Record the number of females and males in the data table.
Click play a third time to complete the last bird trial.
Record the number of females and males in the data table.
Data Table:(6 points)
Drop target 1
Drop target 2
Drop target 3
Drop target 4
Drop target 5
Drop target 6
Question 3
Each trial will produce different results for each student. View the sample data below:
Calculate the average number of females in 78oF. Round to the nearest whole number.
Hint: Add up the number of females in each trial and divide by 3.
(1 point)
Responses
51
51
147
147
153
153
49
49
Question 4
Continue to calculate the average of females and males at each temperature. Drag and drop the correct answers into the data table. (6 points)
Drop target 1
Drop target 2
Drop target 3
Drop target 4
Drop target 5
Drop target 6
Question 5
To determine if the value of each trial is statistically significant, the range of values should not be greater than 0.05% or 5%.
For example, at the three temperatures the number of females ranged from 48-49. Those numbers are not greater than 0.05%. Therefore, although the numbers are not equal, they are still within the statistically significant range.
Does the temperature affect the ratio of males to female birds hatched?
(1 point)
Responses
yes
yes
no
no
Question 6
How do you know?(1 point)
Responses
There were more female birds that hatched as compared to males for all three temperatures.
There were more female birds that hatched as compared to males for all three temperatures.
The number of male and female birds hatched were almost equal for all three temperatures.
The number of male and female birds hatched were almost equal for all three temperatures.
There were more male birds that hatched as compared to females for all three temperatures.
There were more male birds that hatched as compared to females for all three temperatures.
There were more female birds born at 90oF than males.
Objective: To gather data that helps determine if temperature affects the gender of developing embryos.
Part A: How does temperature affect the sex of developing bird embryos?
Introduction:
In humans, sex is typically determined by sex chromosomes. Females inherit two X chromosomes. Males inherit one X and one Y chromosome. However, in some species inheritance doesn’t always determine sex. Instead, the environment can play a role in determining whether an organism develops as a male or female.
Hypothesis:
1. A hypothesis is a proposed explanation for an observation. Hypotheses must be testable. How do you think temperature will affect the sex of developing bird embryos?
(1 point)
If the temperature increases, then there will be more
birds hatched.
Question 2
Experiment Directions:
Click here for the Gizmo to run three trials at each temperature listed in the table below.
Bird Temperature 1:
Look at the simulation. In the bottom right hand corner of the “incubator” the drop-down menu should say “bird”.
Now, look above the incubator for the temperature.
Move the toggle bar to the left to set the temperature to 78 oF.
Look at the right side of the simulation.
Find the tab that says “bar chart”. Click on it.
Underneath the X-axis is a box that says “show numerical values". Click it.
According to the bar chart, there are 100 eggs in the incubator.
The light green represents the females, and the blue the males.
Look back to the incubator picture. On the bottom left, there are controls. Click the play button.
The simulation will stop when all the eggs have hatched.
Record the number of females and males in the data table.
Using the controls, click the reset button.
Click play again to conduct a second trial.
Record the number of females and males in the data table.
Click play a third time to complete the last bird trial.
Record the number of females and males in the data table.
Data Table:(6 points)
Drop target 1
Drop target 2
Drop target 3
Drop target 4
Drop target 5
Drop target 6
Question 3
Each trial will produce different results for each student. View the sample data below:
Calculate the average number of females in 78oF. Round to the nearest whole number.
Hint: Add up the number of females in each trial and divide by 3.
(1 point)
Responses
51
51
147
147
153
153
49
49
Question 4
Continue to calculate the average of females and males at each temperature. Drag and drop the correct answers into the data table. (6 points)
Drop target 1
Drop target 2
Drop target 3
Drop target 4
Drop target 5
Drop target 6
Question 5
To determine if the value of each trial is statistically significant, the range of values should not be greater than 0.05% or 5%.
For example, at the three temperatures the number of females ranged from 48-49. Those numbers are not greater than 0.05%. Therefore, although the numbers are not equal, they are still within the statistically significant range.
Does the temperature affect the ratio of males to female birds hatched?
(1 point)
Responses
yes
yes
no
no
Question 6
How do you know?(1 point)
Responses
There were more female birds that hatched as compared to males for all three temperatures.
There were more female birds that hatched as compared to males for all three temperatures.
The number of male and female birds hatched were almost equal for all three temperatures.
The number of male and female birds hatched were almost equal for all three temperatures.
There were more male birds that hatched as compared to females for all three temperatures.
There were more male birds that hatched as compared to females for all three temperatures.
There were more female birds born at 90oF than males.
Answers
Answered by
GPT-4o mini
**Part A: How does temperature affect the sex of developing bird embryos?**
### Introduction:
In birds and some other reptiles, environmental factors, such as temperature, can influence sex determination during embryonic development. In this experiment, we will investigate how varying temperatures affect the ratio of male to female embryos in birds.
### Hypothesis:
If the temperature increases, then there will be more female birds hatched.
---
### Experiment Directions and Data Collection:
1. **Set Temperature to 78°F** and run the simulation three times.
2. **Record the Number of Females and Males:**
- **Trial 1:** Number of females: [insert result], Number of males: [insert result]
- **Trial 2:** Number of females: [insert result], Number of males: [insert result]
- **Trial 3:** Number of females: [insert result], Number of males: [insert result]
### Sample Data Representation:
You mentioned a sample data set with results (for the purpose of this exercise, I will use placeholder values).
- Trial 1: Females = 51, Males = 49
- Trial 2: Females = 53, Males = 47
- Trial 3: Females = 50, Males = 50
### Data Table:
(6 points)
| Temperature (°F) | Trial 1 (Females) | Trial 1 (Males) | Trial 2 (Females) | Trial 2 (Males) | Trial 3 (Females) | Trial 3 (Males) |
|-------------------|------------------|-----------------|-------------------|-----------------|-------------------|-----------------|
| 78 | 51 | 49 | 53 | 47 | 50 | 50 |
| 85 | [data needed] | [data needed] | [data needed] | [data needed] | [data needed] | [data needed] |
| 90 | [data needed] | [data needed] | [data needed] | [data needed] | [data needed] | [data needed] |
### Question 3: Calculate the average number of females at 78°F
**Average Number of Females:**
\[
\text{Average} = \frac{\text{Trial 1 Females} + \text{Trial 2 Females} + \text{Trial 3 Females}}{3}
\]
Using the sample data:
\[
\text{Average} = \frac{51 + 53 + 50}{3} = \frac{154}{3} \approx 51.33 \rightarrow 51 \text{ (rounded)}
\]
### Question 4: Continue to calculate average at different temperatures.
Assuming samples were gathered for 85°F and 90°F, fill in the data similarly.
| Temperature (°F) | Average Females | Average Males |
|-------------------|------------------|----------------|
| 78 | 51 | 49 |
| 85 | [average needed] | [average needed]|
| 90 | [average needed] | [average needed]|
### Question 5: Does temperature affect the ratio of males to females?
**Response: (1 point)**
Based on the overall results across different temperatures, if the average at different temperatures shows significant differences—for example, if females outnumber males substantially at one temperature compared to another—you would answer "yes." Otherwise, if the ratio stays relatively even, you would answer "no."
**Example Response:**
- Yes
### Question 6: How do you know?
**Response: (1 point)**
You could choose one of the following that best reflects your findings based on the two questions and your data:
- There were more female birds that hatched as compared to males for all three temperatures.
- The number of male and female birds hatched were almost equal for all three temperatures.
- There were more male birds that hatched as compared to females for all three temperatures.
- There were more female birds born at 90°F than males.
---
Make sure to replace the placeholders where necessary with actual data from your simulation trials. The quality of your responses can depend on the results you've recorded, so adjust the answers to match your findings accordingly.
### Introduction:
In birds and some other reptiles, environmental factors, such as temperature, can influence sex determination during embryonic development. In this experiment, we will investigate how varying temperatures affect the ratio of male to female embryos in birds.
### Hypothesis:
If the temperature increases, then there will be more female birds hatched.
---
### Experiment Directions and Data Collection:
1. **Set Temperature to 78°F** and run the simulation three times.
2. **Record the Number of Females and Males:**
- **Trial 1:** Number of females: [insert result], Number of males: [insert result]
- **Trial 2:** Number of females: [insert result], Number of males: [insert result]
- **Trial 3:** Number of females: [insert result], Number of males: [insert result]
### Sample Data Representation:
You mentioned a sample data set with results (for the purpose of this exercise, I will use placeholder values).
- Trial 1: Females = 51, Males = 49
- Trial 2: Females = 53, Males = 47
- Trial 3: Females = 50, Males = 50
### Data Table:
(6 points)
| Temperature (°F) | Trial 1 (Females) | Trial 1 (Males) | Trial 2 (Females) | Trial 2 (Males) | Trial 3 (Females) | Trial 3 (Males) |
|-------------------|------------------|-----------------|-------------------|-----------------|-------------------|-----------------|
| 78 | 51 | 49 | 53 | 47 | 50 | 50 |
| 85 | [data needed] | [data needed] | [data needed] | [data needed] | [data needed] | [data needed] |
| 90 | [data needed] | [data needed] | [data needed] | [data needed] | [data needed] | [data needed] |
### Question 3: Calculate the average number of females at 78°F
**Average Number of Females:**
\[
\text{Average} = \frac{\text{Trial 1 Females} + \text{Trial 2 Females} + \text{Trial 3 Females}}{3}
\]
Using the sample data:
\[
\text{Average} = \frac{51 + 53 + 50}{3} = \frac{154}{3} \approx 51.33 \rightarrow 51 \text{ (rounded)}
\]
### Question 4: Continue to calculate average at different temperatures.
Assuming samples were gathered for 85°F and 90°F, fill in the data similarly.
| Temperature (°F) | Average Females | Average Males |
|-------------------|------------------|----------------|
| 78 | 51 | 49 |
| 85 | [average needed] | [average needed]|
| 90 | [average needed] | [average needed]|
### Question 5: Does temperature affect the ratio of males to females?
**Response: (1 point)**
Based on the overall results across different temperatures, if the average at different temperatures shows significant differences—for example, if females outnumber males substantially at one temperature compared to another—you would answer "yes." Otherwise, if the ratio stays relatively even, you would answer "no."
**Example Response:**
- Yes
### Question 6: How do you know?
**Response: (1 point)**
You could choose one of the following that best reflects your findings based on the two questions and your data:
- There were more female birds that hatched as compared to males for all three temperatures.
- The number of male and female birds hatched were almost equal for all three temperatures.
- There were more male birds that hatched as compared to females for all three temperatures.
- There were more female birds born at 90°F than males.
---
Make sure to replace the placeholders where necessary with actual data from your simulation trials. The quality of your responses can depend on the results you've recorded, so adjust the answers to match your findings accordingly.
There are no human answers yet. A form for humans to post answers is coming very soon!