Question
Question 16
The diagram shows a population before and after a chance event.
Which statement describes how the new population is changed after the chance event?
a
The new population reproduces with a larger gene pool, which increases diversity.
b
The new population contains new alleles that did not previously exist in the gene pool, which decreases diversity.
c
The new population reproduces with a smaller gene pool, which decreases diversity.
d
The new population contains the same alleles that existed in the gene pool, which increases diversity.
Question 17
The graph below illustrates the growth curves for two types of bacteria, A and B, as the pH of their surrounding mediums change.
What is true of Bacteria A?
a
It grows best in a medium that is slightly acidic.
b
It grows best in a medium that is neutral.
c
It grows best in a medium that is very basic.
d
It grows best in a medium that is slightly basic.
Question 18
Which of the following fields of biology focuses on the interactions among various species with each other and their environment?
a
Evolution
b
Biotechnology
c
Botany
d
Ecology
Question 19
a
Flounder
b
Snapper
c
Puffer fish
d
Cornetfish
Question 20
The Hardy-Weinberg Model is...
a
available at local hobby stores and retailers throughout the Greater Metro Atlanta area.
b
always occurring within individual organisms in nature.
c
a mathematical tool that biologists can use to predict allele frequencies and determine whether or not evolution is occurring within a population.
d
only useful in the lab and cannot be practically applied to real-world populations of organisms.
Question 21
In a population that is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of the recessive homozygote
genotype of a certain trait is 0.13. Calculate the percentage of individuals homozygous for the dominant
allele.
Hardy-Weinberg Study Guide | Inspirit
a
p^2= 29%
b
p^2= 40%
c
q^2= 57%
d
q^2= 23%
Question 22
Viruses are often referred to as non-living infectious particles as they lack many characteristics of living organisms like cellular structure. They do not have the ability to carry out reproduction and metabolism without a host cell.
True or False and why?
a
False - viruses are able to reproduce and use energy without a host cell.
b
True - if a living organism requires a cellular structure, even if they can reproduce - they are by definition non-living.
c
False - viruses, like bacteria, do not have a cellular structure and yet, bacteria are considered living organisms.
d
False - viruses do have a clear cellular structure, including a cell membrane called an envelope.
Question 23
Which of the following would the introduction of hardy, generalist non-native species most likely cause?
a
increase in the amount of local minerals and non-renewable resources
b
increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere
c
decrease in the amount of decomposers on Earth
d
loss of native species by competition - especially, sensitive specialist species
Question 24
Which of the following fields of biology focuses on the interactions among various species with each other and their environment?
a
Biotechnology
b
Botany
c
Evolution
d
Ecology
Question 25
The model below shows the initial result of treating a population of bacteria with antibiotics. The red bacteria represent mutated bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics.
image 822f1051b4d54ab8b644cf0f93f5a1a1
Which of the following describes what would MOST LIKELY happen to the bacteria population next?
a
No bacteria will be left after the red bacteria mutate and are killed by the antibiotic.
b
The red bacteria will remain but will not be able to reproduce due to their mutation.
c
The red bacteria will reproduce, creating an equal number of red and blue offspring.
d
The red bacteria will reproduce and pass on their mutation to their offspring.
Question 26
The theory of evolution predicts that______.
Reshaping Evolution : TED Radio Hour : NPR
a
related species will show similarities in nucleotide sequences.
b
if populations have changed over time, their gene pools would have changed.
c
closely related species will show more similarities in amino acid sequences than distant relatives.
d
all are correct
Question 27
Speciation is best described as the
a
decline of a species due to changes in the environment.
b
change in characteristics of a group within a species that causes a new species to be formed.
c
differences among species living within a single community.
d
similarities among similar species that are living in different parts of the world.
Question 28
In the modern classification system, organisms are classified based on evolutionary relationships. The illustration below shows how several groups of organisms are classified.
Image
Among the living species, which two organisms are most closely related?
a
A and G
b
C and F
c
B and G
d
E and F
Question 29
The Last Universal Common Ancestor (LUCA) of all living things is thought to have lived between 3.5 and 3.8 billion years ago. This is the last organism with which the organisms of today share a common descent. Despite their differences, all living things share the same basic characteristics of life.
Examine the phylogenetic tree below, then choose the response that explains why, in terms of the characteristics of life, both bacterial kingdoms are separated on the tree from animals, plants, protists, and fungi.
image 103ef1d695aa424988c0867f130b5180
a
All living things must reproduce. People can compare the two bacterial kingdoms based on their mode of reproduction, which is binary fission. The animals, plants, protists, and fungi all reproduce sexually, a characteristic that allows people to compare those kingdoms.
b
All living things must use energy. The method that bacteria use to obtain energy is different than the other kingdoms. Both bacterial kingdoms are capable of making their own energy from chemicals in their environment. Animals, protists, and fungi have to find their own food, whereas plants use photosynthesis to make glucose.
c
All living things contain at least one cell. Animals, plants, protists, and fungi all contain eukaryotic cells. Both bacterial kingdoms contain organisms with prokaryotic cells.
d
All living things grow and develop. Bacteria are small but do get bigger when they are ready to undergo mitosis. Animals, plants, protists, and fungi all grow due to the process of meiosis, the process that makes new body cells.
Question 30
A student is investigating the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis. She observes that as light intensity increases, the rate of photosynthesis increases. Which explanation best describes how the rate of photosynthesis can affect the biodiversity of an area?
a
A low rate of photosynthesis can increase biodiversity because it allows more producer populations to survive which then attract consumer populations.
b
A high rate of photosynthesis can increase biodiversity because it allows more producer populations to survive which then attract consumer populations.
c
A high rate of photosynthesis can decrease biodiversity because it allows more producer populations to survive which then deter consumer populations.
d
A low rate of photosynthesis can increase biodiversity because it allows more producer populations to survive which then deter consumer populations.
Question 31
According to Lynn Margulis's theory of endosymbiosis, bacteria entered large cells either as parasites or as undigested prey, as illustrated. All the following are proof that mitochondria and chloroplast evolved from bacteria, EXCEPT:
a
they each have a double membrane
b
they have chromosomes similar in shape to their host
c
their DNA is different from its host
d
they are the size of bacteria
Question 32
Charles Darwin developed the theory of evolution to describe how living things change over time. Later, as scientists investigated genetics, they discovered the characteristics Mendel observed were passed from one generation to the next through genes. How did the discovery of genes most likely affect the theory of evolution?
a
The theory of evolution was updated to include the new information.
b
The theory of evolution remained unchanged by the new information.
c
The new information showed that the theory of evolution should become a law.
d
The new information showed that the theory of evolution was completely inaccurate.
Question 33
Read the passage about stem cells.
Present in all kinds of tissues, stem cells have the unique ability to develop into other kinds of cells if necessary. An organism's stem cells can transform into brain cells, blood cells, muscle cells, or any other specialized cell found in the organism. Planarian worms have an extremely high stem cell count throughout their bodies.
Which answer best describes an advantage to a planarian worm from having a high stem cell count?
a
a planarian worm's cells can never truly die
b
planarian worms can adapt to any environmental changes
c
planarian worms are able to evolve faster than other organisms
d
a whole new planarian worm can grow from a tiny piece of another
Question 34
Directions: The diagram below models part of the phosphorus cycle. Use the diagram to answer any questions that follow.
How is phosphorus transferred between animals and soil at N?
a
Consumers exhale it as a gas that is fixed by bacteria in the soil.
b
When heavy winds blow, it is eroded off of living things.
c
Decomposers break it down from wastes and dead animals.
d
When animals move, it is released into the soil.
Question 35
What happens to the temperature if more greenhouse gases are released into the atmosphere?
a
Global temperature goes down
b
Global temperature goes up
Question 36
The graphs show three types of natural selection.
Which table correctly identifies and describes the type of each selection shown in the graphs?
A.
Letter Type of Selection Description
X stabilizing selects against the average phenotype of a population, favoring extreme traits
Y directional changes in the phenotype of a population to what is favored by the environment
Z disruptive selects against extreme phenotypes in favor of average traits, decreasing diversity
B.
Letter Type of Selection Description
X directional changes in the phenotype of a population to what is favored by the environment
Y disruptive selects against the average phenotype of a population, favoring extreme traits
Z stabilizing selects against extreme phenotypes in favor of average traits, decreasing diversity
C.
Letter Type of Selection Description
X directional changes in the phenotype of a population to what is favored by the environment
Y stabilizing selects against the average phenotype of a population, favoring extreme traits
Z disruptive selects against extreme phenotypes in favor of average traits, decreasing diversity
D.
Letter Type of Selection Description
X disruptive selects against extreme phenotypes in favor of average traits, decreasing diversity
Y stabilizing changes in the phenotype of a population to what is favored by the environment
Z directional selects against the average phenotype of a population, favoring extreme traits
a
A
b
B
c
C
d
D
Question 37
Review the three types of polygenic selection graphs.
Which type of selection would most likely lead to the most differences in the population, and eventually - speciation.
a
directional selection
b
disruptive selection
c
stabilizing selection
d
Impossible to determine from the data
The diagram shows a population before and after a chance event.
Which statement describes how the new population is changed after the chance event?
a
The new population reproduces with a larger gene pool, which increases diversity.
b
The new population contains new alleles that did not previously exist in the gene pool, which decreases diversity.
c
The new population reproduces with a smaller gene pool, which decreases diversity.
d
The new population contains the same alleles that existed in the gene pool, which increases diversity.
Question 17
The graph below illustrates the growth curves for two types of bacteria, A and B, as the pH of their surrounding mediums change.
What is true of Bacteria A?
a
It grows best in a medium that is slightly acidic.
b
It grows best in a medium that is neutral.
c
It grows best in a medium that is very basic.
d
It grows best in a medium that is slightly basic.
Question 18
Which of the following fields of biology focuses on the interactions among various species with each other and their environment?
a
Evolution
b
Biotechnology
c
Botany
d
Ecology
Question 19
a
Flounder
b
Snapper
c
Puffer fish
d
Cornetfish
Question 20
The Hardy-Weinberg Model is...
a
available at local hobby stores and retailers throughout the Greater Metro Atlanta area.
b
always occurring within individual organisms in nature.
c
a mathematical tool that biologists can use to predict allele frequencies and determine whether or not evolution is occurring within a population.
d
only useful in the lab and cannot be practically applied to real-world populations of organisms.
Question 21
In a population that is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of the recessive homozygote
genotype of a certain trait is 0.13. Calculate the percentage of individuals homozygous for the dominant
allele.
Hardy-Weinberg Study Guide | Inspirit
a
p^2= 29%
b
p^2= 40%
c
q^2= 57%
d
q^2= 23%
Question 22
Viruses are often referred to as non-living infectious particles as they lack many characteristics of living organisms like cellular structure. They do not have the ability to carry out reproduction and metabolism without a host cell.
True or False and why?
a
False - viruses are able to reproduce and use energy without a host cell.
b
True - if a living organism requires a cellular structure, even if they can reproduce - they are by definition non-living.
c
False - viruses, like bacteria, do not have a cellular structure and yet, bacteria are considered living organisms.
d
False - viruses do have a clear cellular structure, including a cell membrane called an envelope.
Question 23
Which of the following would the introduction of hardy, generalist non-native species most likely cause?
a
increase in the amount of local minerals and non-renewable resources
b
increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere
c
decrease in the amount of decomposers on Earth
d
loss of native species by competition - especially, sensitive specialist species
Question 24
Which of the following fields of biology focuses on the interactions among various species with each other and their environment?
a
Biotechnology
b
Botany
c
Evolution
d
Ecology
Question 25
The model below shows the initial result of treating a population of bacteria with antibiotics. The red bacteria represent mutated bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics.
image 822f1051b4d54ab8b644cf0f93f5a1a1
Which of the following describes what would MOST LIKELY happen to the bacteria population next?
a
No bacteria will be left after the red bacteria mutate and are killed by the antibiotic.
b
The red bacteria will remain but will not be able to reproduce due to their mutation.
c
The red bacteria will reproduce, creating an equal number of red and blue offspring.
d
The red bacteria will reproduce and pass on their mutation to their offspring.
Question 26
The theory of evolution predicts that______.
Reshaping Evolution : TED Radio Hour : NPR
a
related species will show similarities in nucleotide sequences.
b
if populations have changed over time, their gene pools would have changed.
c
closely related species will show more similarities in amino acid sequences than distant relatives.
d
all are correct
Question 27
Speciation is best described as the
a
decline of a species due to changes in the environment.
b
change in characteristics of a group within a species that causes a new species to be formed.
c
differences among species living within a single community.
d
similarities among similar species that are living in different parts of the world.
Question 28
In the modern classification system, organisms are classified based on evolutionary relationships. The illustration below shows how several groups of organisms are classified.
Image
Among the living species, which two organisms are most closely related?
a
A and G
b
C and F
c
B and G
d
E and F
Question 29
The Last Universal Common Ancestor (LUCA) of all living things is thought to have lived between 3.5 and 3.8 billion years ago. This is the last organism with which the organisms of today share a common descent. Despite their differences, all living things share the same basic characteristics of life.
Examine the phylogenetic tree below, then choose the response that explains why, in terms of the characteristics of life, both bacterial kingdoms are separated on the tree from animals, plants, protists, and fungi.
image 103ef1d695aa424988c0867f130b5180
a
All living things must reproduce. People can compare the two bacterial kingdoms based on their mode of reproduction, which is binary fission. The animals, plants, protists, and fungi all reproduce sexually, a characteristic that allows people to compare those kingdoms.
b
All living things must use energy. The method that bacteria use to obtain energy is different than the other kingdoms. Both bacterial kingdoms are capable of making their own energy from chemicals in their environment. Animals, protists, and fungi have to find their own food, whereas plants use photosynthesis to make glucose.
c
All living things contain at least one cell. Animals, plants, protists, and fungi all contain eukaryotic cells. Both bacterial kingdoms contain organisms with prokaryotic cells.
d
All living things grow and develop. Bacteria are small but do get bigger when they are ready to undergo mitosis. Animals, plants, protists, and fungi all grow due to the process of meiosis, the process that makes new body cells.
Question 30
A student is investigating the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis. She observes that as light intensity increases, the rate of photosynthesis increases. Which explanation best describes how the rate of photosynthesis can affect the biodiversity of an area?
a
A low rate of photosynthesis can increase biodiversity because it allows more producer populations to survive which then attract consumer populations.
b
A high rate of photosynthesis can increase biodiversity because it allows more producer populations to survive which then attract consumer populations.
c
A high rate of photosynthesis can decrease biodiversity because it allows more producer populations to survive which then deter consumer populations.
d
A low rate of photosynthesis can increase biodiversity because it allows more producer populations to survive which then deter consumer populations.
Question 31
According to Lynn Margulis's theory of endosymbiosis, bacteria entered large cells either as parasites or as undigested prey, as illustrated. All the following are proof that mitochondria and chloroplast evolved from bacteria, EXCEPT:
a
they each have a double membrane
b
they have chromosomes similar in shape to their host
c
their DNA is different from its host
d
they are the size of bacteria
Question 32
Charles Darwin developed the theory of evolution to describe how living things change over time. Later, as scientists investigated genetics, they discovered the characteristics Mendel observed were passed from one generation to the next through genes. How did the discovery of genes most likely affect the theory of evolution?
a
The theory of evolution was updated to include the new information.
b
The theory of evolution remained unchanged by the new information.
c
The new information showed that the theory of evolution should become a law.
d
The new information showed that the theory of evolution was completely inaccurate.
Question 33
Read the passage about stem cells.
Present in all kinds of tissues, stem cells have the unique ability to develop into other kinds of cells if necessary. An organism's stem cells can transform into brain cells, blood cells, muscle cells, or any other specialized cell found in the organism. Planarian worms have an extremely high stem cell count throughout their bodies.
Which answer best describes an advantage to a planarian worm from having a high stem cell count?
a
a planarian worm's cells can never truly die
b
planarian worms can adapt to any environmental changes
c
planarian worms are able to evolve faster than other organisms
d
a whole new planarian worm can grow from a tiny piece of another
Question 34
Directions: The diagram below models part of the phosphorus cycle. Use the diagram to answer any questions that follow.
How is phosphorus transferred between animals and soil at N?
a
Consumers exhale it as a gas that is fixed by bacteria in the soil.
b
When heavy winds blow, it is eroded off of living things.
c
Decomposers break it down from wastes and dead animals.
d
When animals move, it is released into the soil.
Question 35
What happens to the temperature if more greenhouse gases are released into the atmosphere?
a
Global temperature goes down
b
Global temperature goes up
Question 36
The graphs show three types of natural selection.
Which table correctly identifies and describes the type of each selection shown in the graphs?
A.
Letter Type of Selection Description
X stabilizing selects against the average phenotype of a population, favoring extreme traits
Y directional changes in the phenotype of a population to what is favored by the environment
Z disruptive selects against extreme phenotypes in favor of average traits, decreasing diversity
B.
Letter Type of Selection Description
X directional changes in the phenotype of a population to what is favored by the environment
Y disruptive selects against the average phenotype of a population, favoring extreme traits
Z stabilizing selects against extreme phenotypes in favor of average traits, decreasing diversity
C.
Letter Type of Selection Description
X directional changes in the phenotype of a population to what is favored by the environment
Y stabilizing selects against the average phenotype of a population, favoring extreme traits
Z disruptive selects against extreme phenotypes in favor of average traits, decreasing diversity
D.
Letter Type of Selection Description
X disruptive selects against extreme phenotypes in favor of average traits, decreasing diversity
Y stabilizing changes in the phenotype of a population to what is favored by the environment
Z directional selects against the average phenotype of a population, favoring extreme traits
a
A
b
B
c
C
d
D
Question 37
Review the three types of polygenic selection graphs.
Which type of selection would most likely lead to the most differences in the population, and eventually - speciation.
a
directional selection
b
disruptive selection
c
stabilizing selection
d
Impossible to determine from the data
Answers
GPT-4o mini
Here are the answers to your questions:
**Question 16:**
c. The new population reproduces with a smaller gene pool, which decreases diversity.
**Question 17:**
a. It grows best in a medium that is slightly acidic.
**Question 18:**
d. Ecology
**Question 19:**
(This question seems incomplete, as no context or options are provided. Please provide more information for an accurate answer.)
**Question 20:**
c. a mathematical tool that biologists can use to predict allele frequencies and determine whether or not evolution is occurring within a population.
**Question 21:**
a. p^2 = 29% (To calculate: q² = 0.13, then q = √0.13 ≈ 0.36, so p = 1 - q ≈ 0.64; p² = (0.64)² ≈ 0.41)
**Question 22:**
b. True - if a living organism requires a cellular structure, even if they can reproduce - they are by definition non-living.
**Question 23:**
d. loss of native species by competition - especially, sensitive specialist species.
**Question 24:**
d. Ecology (Same as Question 18)
**Question 25:**
d. The red bacteria will reproduce and pass on their mutation to their offspring.
**Question 26:**
d. all are correct
**Question 27:**
b. change in characteristics of a group within a species that causes a new species to be formed.
**Question 28:**
(This question lacks context (the illustration mentioned is missing), so I can't provide an answer without that detail.)
**Question 29:**
c. All living things contain at least one cell. Animals, plants, protists, and fungi all contain eukaryotic cells. Both bacterial kingdoms contain organisms with prokaryotic cells.
**Question 30:**
b. A high rate of photosynthesis can increase biodiversity because it allows more producer populations to survive which then attract consumer populations.
**Question 31:**
c. their DNA is different from its host
**Question 32:**
a. The theory of evolution was updated to include the new information.
**Question 33:**
d. a whole new planarian worm can grow from a tiny piece of another.
**Question 34:**
c. Decomposers break it down from wastes and dead animals.
**Question 35:**
b. Global temperature goes up
**Question 36:**
b. B
**Question 37:**
b. disruptive selection
Please double-check any specific calculations or intricate concepts, as some answers depend on context that was not fully provided (like diagrams or graphs).
**Question 16:**
c. The new population reproduces with a smaller gene pool, which decreases diversity.
**Question 17:**
a. It grows best in a medium that is slightly acidic.
**Question 18:**
d. Ecology
**Question 19:**
(This question seems incomplete, as no context or options are provided. Please provide more information for an accurate answer.)
**Question 20:**
c. a mathematical tool that biologists can use to predict allele frequencies and determine whether or not evolution is occurring within a population.
**Question 21:**
a. p^2 = 29% (To calculate: q² = 0.13, then q = √0.13 ≈ 0.36, so p = 1 - q ≈ 0.64; p² = (0.64)² ≈ 0.41)
**Question 22:**
b. True - if a living organism requires a cellular structure, even if they can reproduce - they are by definition non-living.
**Question 23:**
d. loss of native species by competition - especially, sensitive specialist species.
**Question 24:**
d. Ecology (Same as Question 18)
**Question 25:**
d. The red bacteria will reproduce and pass on their mutation to their offspring.
**Question 26:**
d. all are correct
**Question 27:**
b. change in characteristics of a group within a species that causes a new species to be formed.
**Question 28:**
(This question lacks context (the illustration mentioned is missing), so I can't provide an answer without that detail.)
**Question 29:**
c. All living things contain at least one cell. Animals, plants, protists, and fungi all contain eukaryotic cells. Both bacterial kingdoms contain organisms with prokaryotic cells.
**Question 30:**
b. A high rate of photosynthesis can increase biodiversity because it allows more producer populations to survive which then attract consumer populations.
**Question 31:**
c. their DNA is different from its host
**Question 32:**
a. The theory of evolution was updated to include the new information.
**Question 33:**
d. a whole new planarian worm can grow from a tiny piece of another.
**Question 34:**
c. Decomposers break it down from wastes and dead animals.
**Question 35:**
b. Global temperature goes up
**Question 36:**
b. B
**Question 37:**
b. disruptive selection
Please double-check any specific calculations or intricate concepts, as some answers depend on context that was not fully provided (like diagrams or graphs).