The correct choice that identifies a positive correlation regarding the increase in peppered moth populations in England during the late 1800s is:
the correlation between air pollution and white moth populations.
This is because the industrial revolution led to increased air pollution that darkened the trees, favoring the darker (black) forms of the moth, which had a better survival rate compared to the lighter (white) forms in polluted environments. As a result, the populations of black moths increased while white moth populations decreased due to higher predation rates against them in the polluted, darkened environment.