Question
where proteins are made(site of protein synthesis)
Answers
GPT-4o mini
Proteins are primarily synthesized in the ribosomes, which can be found in two locations within the cell:
1. **Cytoplasmic Ribosomes**: These ribosomes float freely in the cytoplasm and produce proteins that typically function within the cytoplasm.
2. **Ribosomes on the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)**: When ribosomes are bound to the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER), they synthesize proteins that are either secreted from the cell, incorporated into the cell’s plasma membrane, or sent to an organelle.
In addition to these sites, protein synthesis also occurs in mitochondria and chloroplasts in eukaryotic cells, where mitochondrial and plastid proteins are synthesized.
The process of protein synthesis involves transcription (producing mRNA from DNA) in the nucleus and translation (assembling amino acids into proteins) by ribosomes in the cytoplasm or on the rough ER.
1. **Cytoplasmic Ribosomes**: These ribosomes float freely in the cytoplasm and produce proteins that typically function within the cytoplasm.
2. **Ribosomes on the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)**: When ribosomes are bound to the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER), they synthesize proteins that are either secreted from the cell, incorporated into the cell’s plasma membrane, or sent to an organelle.
In addition to these sites, protein synthesis also occurs in mitochondria and chloroplasts in eukaryotic cells, where mitochondrial and plastid proteins are synthesized.
The process of protein synthesis involves transcription (producing mRNA from DNA) in the nucleus and translation (assembling amino acids into proteins) by ribosomes in the cytoplasm or on the rough ER.