In 3–5 sentences, explain the difference between independent and dependent events when calculating conditional probability, and provide an example of dependent events.(4 points)

Answer 1

Independent events are those where the occurrence of one event does not affect the probability of the other event occurring. In contrast, dependent events are where the outcome of one event influences the outcome of another. For example, consider drawing two cards from a deck without replacement: the probability of drawing a second heart after the first heart has been drawn is dependent on the outcome of the first event (drawing the first heart), as it affects the composition of the deck for the second draw. In this case, if the first card drawn is a heart, there are now fewer hearts left in the deck, thus changing the probabilities for the second draw.