Use the sentence to answer the question.

Question

High school classes should begin later in the morning than elementary or middle school classes.
Which reason fails to support the claim in a meaningful way?

(1 point)
Responses

Teenagers are more likely than younger children to struggle to pay attention and form new mental connections in the early hours of the morning.
Teenagers are more likely than younger children to struggle to pay attention and form new mental connections in the early hours of the morning.

Six out of ten teenagers have jobs or other responsibilities that reportedly make their afternoons and evenings busy, making it difficult to wake early and rested for school.
Six out of ten teenagers have jobs or other responsibilities that reportedly make their afternoons and evenings busy, making it difficult to wake early and rested for school.

Teenagers are more likely than younger children to stay up late, but they still need an adequate amount of sleep to be ready to learn.
Teenagers are more likely than younger children to stay up late, but they still need an adequate amount of sleep to be ready to learn.

Many teenagers have reported a tendency to skip breakfast, which some nutritionists consider the most important meal of the day, altogether.

What is an argument that bases decisions on the false belief that random occurrences are somehow predictive of future outcomes?(1 point)
Responses

ad hominem
ad hominem

false analogy
false analogy

gambler’s fallacy
gambler’s fallacy

false dichotomy
false dichotomy

"The Gettysburg Address"
by Abraham Lincoln

Gettysburg address delivered at Gettysburg Pa. Nov. 19th, 1863. [n. p. n. d.].

Gettysburg Address

Delivered at Gettysburg, Pa.

Nov. 19th 1863.

“Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. “Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. “But in a larger sense we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember, what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us,that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion, that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain, that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom, and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.”

Answer 1

For the first question, the reason that fails to support the claim that high school classes should begin later than elementary or middle school classes in a meaningful way is:

Many teenagers have reported a tendency to skip breakfast, which some nutritionists consider the most important meal of the day, altogether.

This reason does not directly relate to the timing of classes or the attention span of teenagers compared to younger children, making it less relevant to the argument.

For the second question, the argument that bases decisions on the false belief that random occurrences are somehow predictive of future outcomes is referred to as:

gambler’s fallacy.

This fallacy occurs when individuals believe that past random events affect the probabilities of future random events, such as thinking that a coin flip is more likely to land on heads after several tails in a row.