The best three answers regarding how water was involved in getting a hamburger to your table are:
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Water stored in underground aquifers - This water is often used for irrigation of crops, including those that may be fed to the cows, as well as for the cows to drink.
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Water for the cow to drink and to grow the grass it eats - Cows require water for drinking and the growth of the grass or other feed crops is highly dependent on water.
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Water use at the slaughterhouse for cleaning and processing the cow - Significant amounts of water are used in the slaughtering and processing facilities to clean equipment and maintain hygiene.
While water from the ocean and water involved in electricity generation may be relevant in an indirect way, they are not as directly impactful as the selected options.