A section of music that recurs in different keys throughout a movement is commonly referred to as a "theme" or a "subject." In some contexts, particularly in a sonata form or a variation form, this recurring section might also be called a "repeat," "episodic theme," or relatedly as a "modulatory theme." If the recurring material undergoes transformation or variation each time it reappears, it could also be called a "theme with variations." If you're referring specifically to the practice of altering the key for each recurrence, it may also be reminiscent of "thematic development" or "sequences."
I section of music that recurs in different keys throughout the movement is also known as a
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