Dysentery is an intestinal infection characterized by inflammation of the intestines, particularly the colon, leading to severe diarrhea that may be accompanied by mucus or blood in the stool. It is commonly caused by infections with bacteria, such as Shigella or certain strains of Escherichia coli (E. coli), or by parasites, such as Entamoeba histolytica.
Symptoms of Dysentery:
- Frequent, watery stools, often with blood or mucus
- Abdominal pain and cramping
- Fever
- Nausea and vomiting
- Dehydration (especially in severe cases)
Treatment of Dysentery:
-
Fluid Replacement: One of the most important treatments is rehydration. Oral rehydration solutions (ORS) containing electrolytes and sugar are recommended. In severe cases, intravenous fluids may be necessary.
-
Medications:
- Antibiotics: If the dysentery is caused by bacterial pathogens, antibiotics may be prescribed. Common antibiotics include ciprofloxacin, azithromycin, or metronidazole, depending on the specific organism and local resistance patterns.
- Antiparasitic Drugs: For parasitic causes, such as amoebic dysentery, medications like metronidazole or tinidazole are often used.
-
Symptomatic Relief: Over-the-counter medications may be used to relieve pain or cramping, but anti-diarrheal medications (like loperamide) are generally avoided in cases of dysentery with fever or blood in the stool because they can prolong the infection.
-
Dietary Adjustments: While recovering, it's advised to consume easily digestible foods and to avoid dairy products, fatty foods, and heavy spices until the intestines are healed.
When to Seek Medical Attention:
- Severe dehydration (dry mouth, little to no urine, dizziness)
- High fever (more than 101°F or 38.3°C)
- Severe abdominal or rectal pain
- Blood in stool or persistent diarrhea lasting more than a couple of days
If you suspect dysentery or have symptoms, it's important to consult a healthcare professional for diagnosis and appropriate treatment.