Here are the answers to your questions:
Question 1: What is the thesis of this article? Answer: Butterfly populations are declining, which may represent a decline in insect populations overall.
Question 2: Which offers the most valid critique of the excerpt? Answer: The excerpt presents a clear thesis with good evidence that can be verified to support it.
Question 3: A student is planning a book review. What should appear in the book review’s introduction? Answer: the student’s thesis statement
Question 4: Which claim best supports the student’s argument? Answer: Healthy forests need healthy soil, and the book explains how acid rain can affect soil health.
Question 5: What is the definition of the word evidence as it relates to writing? Answer: the facts and information that support an idea or analysis