A stratum is a layer or level within a structure or system. In various contexts, it can refer to:
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Geology: A layer of rock or sediment with internally consistent characteristics that distinguish it from other layers.
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Sociology: A social stratum refers to a distinct social class or group within a society, often defined by socioeconomic status, education, or occupation.
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Statistics: In stratified sampling, a stratum is a subset of the population that is selected to ensure that different segments are represented in the sample.
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Biology: Layers of tissues or cells, as seen in biological organisms.
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Architecture and Construction: Different layers of materials or construction methods used in building structures.
The term can vary in meaning depending on the context, but it generally denotes a level within a hierarchy or system.