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ELA 7 Unit 13 Grammar and Punctuation Guided Notes

Lesson 1: Introduction to Grammar and Punctuation

Directions: Please write or type the definitions in your own words for each word below.
PLEASE DO NOT COPY and PASTE.

Phrase -

Independent Clause -

Dependent Clause -

Simple Sentence -

Complex Sentence -

Compound Sentence -

Compound-Complex Sentence -

Lesson 2: Phrases and Clauses

Directions: Read the following sentences. Then, underline the independent clause once and the dependent clause twice OR students may highlight the independent clauses in yellow and the dependent clauses in green.

1. My book, which has many pictures, has little text.

2. That cat, which is mine, is an Abyssinian.

3. When cats prowl at night, their eyes adjust to the dark.

4. Although wild cats often hunt at night, they prefer dusk or dawn.

5. Whereas Angora cats have long hair, Siamese cats have short hair.

Directions: Complete each of the following statements.

1. A ___________________ is a group of words with its own subject and verb.

2. A dependent clause is another name for the _______________ clause.

3. The two types of clauses are the ____________________clause and the

__________________ clause.

4. The ______________________ clause expresses a complete thought and can stand alone as a sentence.

5. The ______________________ clause has a subject and a verb, but it does not express a complete thought.

Which description defines a dependent clause?

A. It contains a subject and a verb but cannot stand alone.
B. It is a group of words containing a subject or a verb but not both
C. It can stand alone as a sentence
D. It expresses a complete thought.

Which choice best describes the function of phrases and clauses?

A. to ensure sentences are complete
B. to make conversations fun
C. to add detail and meaning
D. to express thoughts and ideas

Which characteristic describes an independent clause?

A. It includes a subject and a verb and can stand alone.
B. It expresses an incomplete thought.
C. It is a group of words containing a subject or a verb but not both.
D. It describes the action in a sentence and cannot stand alone.

Lesson 3: Simple, Complex, Compound, and Compound-Complex Sentences

A simple sentence is one independent clause—a group of words that has a subject and a verb and can stand by itself as a complete thought.
Example: The dog chased the ball.

A compound sentence consists of two or more independent clauses linked by a word such as and, but, or or.
Example: Mr. Roberts was a teacher, but he also coached soccer.

A complex sentence contains one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses—a group of words that has a subject and a verb but is not a complete thought.
Example: Although he was a science teacher, Mr. Roberts also taught math.

Directions: Using the phrase provided below, write a sentence. THEN label your sentences by writing simple, compound, or complex in parentheses after each one.

Example: attended high school
Sentence using the phrase: My neighbor attended high school with my daughter, so they drove together each morning.
Sentence Type: Compound Sentence

1. liked to write poetry
Sentence using the phrase: _________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

Sentence Type: ___________________________

2. Although he was
Sentence using the phrase: ________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

Sentence Type: ___________________________

3. played soccer for his school team
Sentence using the phrase: ________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

Sentence Type: ___________________________


Directions: Label each sentence below as simple, complex, compound, or compound-complex. You will only use each term only ONCE.

1. The players were nervous because they had never beaten the opposing team.

________________________________

2. When the teams left the field for halftime, the home team was winning, but the opposing team trailed by only one goal.

________________________________

3. The home team had the fans’ support, and families cheered from the stands.

________________________________

4. The fans went wild over every steal and goal during the game.

________________________________

Directions: Read the following sentences. Identify each as either simple, compound, or complex. Write your answer on the line.

1. The ducks and geese flew south. _________________

2. Some birds swam or hunted for grain. ________________

3. Although the tree squirrel is a wonderful acrobat, it sometimes misses its mark.

_______________

4. Mr. Gleason runs a pet store, and his two children help him. ____________________

5. The store is closed on Sundays, Mondays, and holidays. ______________________

Directions: Choose the correct answer.

Which option describes a complex sentence?

A. a sentence that contains two or more independent clauses joined with a comma and a conjunction
B. a sentence that contains at least two independent clauses and at least one dependent clause
C. a sentence that contains a subject and a verb and expresses a complete thought
D. a sentence that contains one independent clause and at least one dependent clause

Which option best describes a compound-complex sentence?

A. an independent and dependent clause
B. a subject and a verb
C. two or more independent clauses joined with a conjunction and a comma
D. two or more independent clauses and at least one dependent clause

Lesson 4: Sentence Structure Signals
What are the 7 coordinating conjunctions? Hint: They make the acronym FANBOYS.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

Directions: Use the sentence to answer the question.

Joe has enough money to buy the soccer ball or the soccer video game.

Which type of relationship does the conjunction “or” suggest?

A. a cause and effect
B. a choice
C. an outcome
D. a reason

I wanted to buy the movie, but I was a dollar short.

Which type of relationship does the conjunction but signal in the sentence?

A. contrasting outcome
B. gives a reason
C. additional information
D. rejection

Directions: Fill in the blank with the correct word or term.

A simple sentence is an _________________ _____________, which means that it includes a subject and verb and can stand alone as a sentence.

A _________________ __________________ is a sentence with at least two independent clauses joined by a ________________________.

You might use a ___________ _______________ which includes an independent clause and at least one ______________ _____________.

A ____________ _______________ _____________ also can be used to provide descriptive details when communicating thoughts and ideas.

Each type of _______________ can help you interact well with others and express relationships between ideas.

Lesson 5: Choosing Sentence Structure

Directions: Please write or type the definitions in your own words for each word below.

Independent Clause -

Dependent Clause -

Directions: Use the chart in Lesson 5 to complete the chart below. Please write your OWN examples.

Sentence Structure
How Sentence Structure can be used
Your OWN example sentence
Simple Sentence

Complex Sentence

Compound Sentence

Lesson 6: More Phrases and Clauses

Directions: Please write or type the definitions in your own words for each word below.
PLEASE DO NOT COPY and PASTE.

Dangling Modifier -

Modifiers -

Phrase -

Pronoun -

Subordinate Clause -

Directions: Read each sentence. Correct the placement of the underlined modifiers by rewriting the sentences on the lines provided. If the sentence is correct, write “correct” on the line.

1. I wanted to play football badly.

________________________________________________________________

2. Luis asked questions about the test fewer than Shelia.

________________________________________________________________

3. Do you just want to play a game or go fishing?

________________________________________________________________

4. Ryan was bad at climbing trees because he always fell.

________________________________________________________________

Directions: Use the sentence to answer the question.

I never miss Art Club meetings because I love to draw.

Which part of the sentence is an independent clause?

A. I love to draw
B. I never miss
C. I never miss Art Club meetings
D. because I love to draw

The store ran out of paper quickly because supplies were limited.

Which part of the sentence is a dependent clause?

A. because supplies were limited
B. supplies were limited
C. ran out of paper quickly
D. The store ran out of paper

I love going to the fair during the summer.

Which relationship exists between the clauses?

A. a relationship between a dependent clause and an independent clause
B. a relationship between two independent clauses
C. a relationship within a single independent clause

Directions: Use the sentences to answer the question.

Maverick needed to go to the store. His dog wanted to go with him.

Which option best combines the two simple sentences into one compound sentence while maintaining the meaning of the original sentences?

A. Because Maverick needed to go to the store, his dog wanted to go with him.
B. Maverick needed to go to the store, and his dog wanted to go with him.
C. Because his dog wanted to go with him, Maverick needed to go to the store.
D. Maverick and his dog went to the store.

In one to two sentences, explain how using a variety of sentence types improves a story.

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

Lesson 7: Grammar and Punctuation Apply

To show your understanding of the unit goals, write a paragraph about your favorite free-time activity. For example, where do you engage in this activity? When? How? Why do you like it so much? Why do you prefer it over other activities? How is the activity similar or different from your best friend’s favorite pastime? Check that you have capitalized and punctuated sentences correctly. Also, be sure to place the phrases and clauses appropriately and avoid shifts in pronoun number and person. Students MUST include the following:
One simple sentence
One compound sentence
One complex sentence
One compound-complex sentence

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

1 answer

Guided Notes for ELA 7 Unit 13 Grammar and Punctuation

Lesson 1: Introduction to Grammar and Punctuation

Phrase - A phrase is a group of words that does not contain a subject and a verb and cannot stand alone as a complete thought.

Independent Clause - An independent clause is a complete group of words that includes a subject and a verb. It can stand alone as a sentence because it expresses a complete thought.

Dependent Clause - A dependent clause includes both a subject and a verb but does not express a complete thought by itself. It relies on an independent clause to give it meaning.

Simple Sentence - A simple sentence has one independent clause. It contains a subject and a verb and expresses a complete thought.

Complex Sentence - A complex sentence contains one independent clause and at least one dependent clause. This structure adds additional information to the simple thought.

Compound Sentence - A compound sentence consists of two or more independent clauses that are joined by a coordinating conjunction (like and, but, or).

Compound-Complex Sentence - A compound-complex sentence includes at least two independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses, creating a more intricate relationship between the ideas.

Lesson 2: Phrases and Clauses

1. A clause is a group of words with its own subject and verb.

2. A dependent clause is another name for the subordinate clause.

3. The two types of clauses are the independent clause and the dependent clause.

4. The independent clause expresses a complete thought and can stand alone as a sentence.

5. The dependent clause has a subject and a verb, but it does not express a complete thought.

Which description defines a dependent clause?
A. It contains a subject and a verb but cannot stand alone.

Which choice best describes the function of phrases and clauses?
C. to add detail and meaning

Which characteristic describes an independent clause?
A. It includes a subject and a verb and can stand alone.

Lesson 3: Simple, Complex, Compound, and Compound-Complex Sentences

  1. Sentence using the phrase: My sister liked to write poetry and often shared it with her friends.
    Sentence Type: Compound Sentence

  2. Sentence using the phrase: Although he was tired, he decided to continue working on his project.
    Sentence Type: Complex Sentence

  3. Sentence using the phrase: He played soccer for his school team and practiced every day.
    Sentence Type: Compound Sentence

1. The players were nervous because they had never beaten the opposing team.
Complex

2. When the teams left the field for halftime, the home team was winning, but the opposing team trailed by only one goal.
Compound-Complex

3. The home team had the fans’ support, and families cheered from the stands.
Compound

4. The fans went wild over every steal and goal during the game.
Simple

1. The ducks and geese flew south. Simple

2. Some birds swam or hunted for grain. Simple

3. Although the tree squirrel is a wonderful acrobat, it sometimes misses its mark. Complex

4. Mr. Gleason runs a pet store, and his two children help him. Compound

5. The store is closed on Sundays, Mondays, and holidays. Simple

Which option describes a complex sentence?
D. a sentence that contains one independent clause and at least one dependent clause

Which option best describes a compound-complex sentence?
D. two or more independent clauses and at least one dependent clause

Lesson 4: Sentence Structure Signals

The 7 coordinating conjunctions (FANBOYS): for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so.

Which type of relationship does the conjunction “or” suggest?
B. a choice

Which type of relationship does the conjunction but signal in the sentence?
A. contrasting outcome

A simple sentence is an independent clause, which means that it includes a subject and verb and can stand alone as a sentence.

A compound sentence is a sentence with at least two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction.

You might use a complex sentence which includes an independent clause and at least one dependent clause.

A compound-complex sentence also can be used to provide descriptive details when communicating thoughts and ideas.

Each type of sentence structure can help you interact well with others and express relationships between ideas.

Lesson 5: Choosing Sentence Structure

Independent Clause - A complete thought that has a subject and a verb and can stand alone as a sentence.

Dependent Clause - A group of words with a subject and a verb that cannot stand alone and relies on an independent clause for context.

| Sentence Structure | How Sentence Structure can be used | Your OWN example sentence | |--------------------|------------------------------------|--------------------------| | Simple Sentence | To express a single complete thought | The cat sleeps on the mat. | | Complex Sentence | To add detail or explanation to a thought | Although it was raining, we went for a walk. | | Compound Sentence | To connect equal ideas together | I wanted to go swimming, but the pool was closed. |

Lesson 6: More Phrases and Clauses

Dangling Modifier - A phrase that does not clearly refer to any word in the sentence and creates confusion about what it is describing.

Modifiers - Words or phrases that provide additional information about a noun or verb in a sentence.

Phrase - A group of words that acts as a single unit in a sentence, but it does not have a subject and a verb combination.

Pronoun - A word that takes the place of a noun to avoid repetition and simplify sentences.

Subordinate Clause - A clause that adds additional information to the main clause but cannot stand alone as a complete thought.

1. I wanted to play football badly.
Corrected: I badly wanted to play football.

2. Luis asked questions about the test fewer than Shelia.
Corrected: Luis asked fewer questions about the test than Shelia did.

3. Do you just want to play a game or go fishing?
Correct

4. Ryan was bad at climbing trees because he always fell.
Corrected: Ryan struggled with climbing trees because he always fell.

Which part of the sentence is an independent clause?
C. I never miss Art Club meetings

Which part of the sentence is a dependent clause?
A. because supplies were limited

Which relationship exists between the clauses?
A. a relationship between a dependent clause and an independent clause

Which option best combines the two simple sentences into one compound sentence while maintaining meaning?
B. Maverick needed to go to the store, and his dog wanted to go with him.

In one to two sentences, explain how using a variety of sentence types improves a story.
Using various sentence types adds rhythm and flow to the writing, making it more engaging. Different structures also allow the writer to emphasize points and convey complex ideas clearly.

Lesson 7: Grammar and Punctuation Apply

Paragraph Example:
One of my favorite free-time activities is hiking. I enjoy visiting local trails, especially during the weekends when the weather is pleasant. Hiking allows me to connect with nature and refresh my mind. While I love spending time outdoors, my best friend prefers reading books. Although both activities are relaxing, I prefer the physical activity of hiking to the quiet of reading. Additionally, we both engage in our hobbies as a way to escape from daily routines.

(Includes:

  • One simple sentence: "I enjoy visiting local trails."
  • One compound sentence: "Hiking allows me to connect with nature, and it helps refresh my mind."
  • One complex sentence: "While I love spending time outdoors, my best friend prefers reading books."
  • One compound-complex sentence: "Although both activities are relaxing, I prefer the physical activity of hiking to the quiet of reading, and we have our hobbies to escape from daily routines.)**