Activity

In this activity, you will discuss the partition of India and the short- and long-term effects it had on India and Pakistan.

Part A
Read the following excerpt from Gandhi’s “Quit India” speech of August 1942:

There are people who have hatred in their hearts for the British. I have heard of people saying that they are disgusted with them. The common people's mind does not differentiate between a Britisher and the imperialist form of their government. To them, both are the same. . . .

But [this] is a dangerous thing. You must remove it from your minds. This is a crucial hour. If we keep quiet and do not play our part, it will not be right . . .

We must remove the hatred for the British from our hearts. At least, in my heart there is no such hatred. As a matter of fact, I am a greater friend of the British now than I ever was.

Answer the following questions in one to two sentences each.

What is Gandhi saying in this excerpt?
Why do you think Gandhi wanted to be a “friend of the British”? How did this fit with his philosophies?
Imagine you supported Indian independence in 1942. Would you agree with Gandhi’s words? Why or why not?

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Part B
Britain created the partition of India in 1947 as a way to ease a growing religious divide in India and keep good relations with both sides. However, the partition had many short-term and long-term consequences.

Read this copy of a letter from Winston Churchill to British prime minister Clement Atlee. It discusses the Parliament’s opinion of the prime minister’s plans to divide India.

Imagine that you could go back in time to advise Parliament on the situation that is about to unfold in India and Pakistan. What would you tell them? Would you recommend they send their letter to the prime minster? Why or why not?

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Self-Evaluation
How did you do? Rate your work on a scale of 1 to 5, with 5 as the highest score. Then write a brief evaluation of your work below. Note what you learned and what challenged you.

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1 answer

Part A

1. What is Gandhi saying in this excerpt?

In this excerpt, Gandhi emphasizes the importance of eliminating hatred toward the British from the hearts and minds of Indians, advocating for a non-violent approach to independence. He believes that equating the British people with their imperialist government is counterproductive and urges unity and peace instead of animosity.

2. Why do you think Gandhi wanted to be a “friend of the British”? How did this fit with his philosophies?

Gandhi wanted to be a "friend of the British" to promote a message of non-violence and understanding, believing that peaceful dialogue would lead to mutual respect and ultimately to independence. This aligns with his philosophy of ahimsa (non-violence) and satyagraha (truth-force), which advocates for resistance through peaceful means rather than hatred and violence.

3. Imagine you supported Indian independence in 1942. Would you agree with Gandhi’s words? Why or why not?

If I supported Indian independence in 1942, I would likely agree with Gandhi’s words because fostering an environment of peace and collaboration could create a more favorable atmosphere for negotiations and eventual independence. Hatred might impede progress and perpetuate conflict, which Gandhi sought to avoid.


Part B

If I could advise Parliament regarding the situation in India, I would recommend that they reconsider their approach to partition. I would argue that hastily dividing India could lead to significant unrest and violence, as it risks exacerbating communal tensions rather than resolving them. Instead of partition, a more inclusive approach that respects the rights and concerns of all communities could foster unity and avoid the deep-seated divisions that ultimately did occur. Therefore, I would advise against sending the letter to the prime minister without addressing these critical issues.


Self-Evaluation

I would rate my work a 4 out of 5. I found it relatively easy to articulate Gandhi’s philosophy and its implications for independence. However, I faced challenges in fully grasping the complexities surrounding the consequences of partition and how to address them in a historical context. Through this activity, I learned more about the importance of non-violence and the need for diplomatic solutions in moments of conflict, as well as the far-reaching effects of historical decisions like the partition of India.