Question

1. Both Aristotle’s and Ptolemy’s geocentric models of the solar system were accepted despite being incorrect because _______. (1 pts) (1 point) Responses A. The Holy Roman Church supported them A. The Holy Roman Church supported them B. They could explain retrograde motion as epicycles B. They could explain retrograde motion as epicycles C. Ptolemey’s ruler was extremely accurate C. Ptolemey’s ruler was extremely accurate D. Measurements made with an Astrolabe were flawless D. Measurements made with an Astrolabe were flawless E. Both men were superior Philosophers and defended their idea with logic E. Both men were superior Philosophers and defended their idea with logic F. The armillary sphere was never wrong F. The armillary sphere was never wrong Question 2 (2 points) Put responses in the correct input to answer the question. Select a response, navigate to the desired input and insert the response. Responses can be selected and inserted using the space bar, enter key, left mouse button or touchpad. Responses can also be moved by dragging with a mouse. 2. The instrument for observing stars and planets, called the Response area, had not been invented yet. As a result, people didn’tResponse area . You must get all answers correct to score (2 pts) Question 3 3. Which are features of Copernicus’s model of the solar system? Select the three correct answers. You must get all answers correct to score (3 pts)(3 points) Responses A. Earth is fixed to a crystalline sphere. A. Earth is fixed to a crystalline sphere. B. The planets move in perfect circles. B. The planets move in perfect circles. C. The stars are fixed to an outer sphere. C. The stars are fixed to an outer sphere. D. The outer planets move in epicycles. D. The outer planets move in epicycles. E. The Sun is at the center. E. The Sun is at the center. F. All planets orbit the Sun at the same speed. F. All planets orbit the Sun at the same speed. Question 4 4. Which statements about the geocentric model are false? Select the two correct answers. You must get all answers correct to score (1 pt)(1 point) Responses A. It shows the orbits of the planets as circular. A. It shows the orbits of the planets as circular. B. It explains why Mars appears to move backward for a few months approximately every two years. B. It explains why Mars appears to move backward for a few months approximately every two years. C. It shows Earth at the center of the solar system. C. It shows Earth at the center of the solar system. D. It shows the Sun at the center of the solar system. D. It shows the Sun at the center of the solar system. Question 5 5. The mass of an object doubles. What happens to the gravitational force between it and another object whose mass stays the same, assuming they remain the same distance apart? (1 pt)(1 point) Responses A. The amount of gravitational force decreases by one-half. A. The amount of gravitational force decreases by one-half. B. The amount of gravitational force quadruples. B. The amount of gravitational force quadruples. C. The amount of gravitational force remains constant. C. The amount of gravitational force remains constant. D. The amount of gravitational force doubles. D. The amount of gravitational force doubles. Question 6 6. For a moon orbiting its planet, rp is the shortest distance between the moon and its planet and ra is the longest distance between the moon and its planet. What is the moon’s orbital eccentricity of rp is equal to 0.65 ra? (1 pt)(1 point) Responses A. 0.57 A. 0.57 B. 0.21 B. 0.21 C. 0.65 C. 0.65 D. 0.48 D. 0.48 Question 7 7. A line between a planet and the sun sweeps out two equal areas at different places as it moves along its orbit. Which factor remains constant as this happens? (1 pt)(1 point) Responses A. The time required to sweep out the areas A. The time required to sweep out the areas B. The planet’s speed as it sweeps out the areas B. The planet’s speed as it sweeps out the areas C. The distance the planet moves along its orbit while it sweeps out the area C. The distance the planet moves along its orbit while it sweeps out the area D. The distance from the sun to the planet while it sweeps out the areas D. The distance from the sun to the planet while it sweeps out the areas Question 8 8. Which did Kepler notice about planetary motion that caused him to propose Kepler’s first law of orbital motion? (1 pt)(1 point) Responses A. The distance to the sun varies A. The distance to the sun varies B. Most planets have highly elliptical orbits B. Most planets have highly elliptical orbits C. The distance betweenMars and the sun is constant C. The distance betweenMars and the sun is constant D. The planets have circular orbits D. The planets have circular orbits Question 9 (4 points) Put responses in the correct input to answer the question. Select a response, navigate to the desired input and insert the response. Responses can be selected and inserted using the space bar, enter key, left mouse button or touchpad. Responses can also be moved by dragging with a mouse. 9.Copernicus thought that Ptolemy’s model of the solar system was incorrect because Response area. Copernicus’ model of the solar system was different from Ptolemy’s model because Response area . Copernicus’ model was not accepted at the time because Response area . You must get all answers correct to score (4 pts) Question 10 10. Based on Kepler’s observations about planetary motion, what is the relationship between a planet’s orbital velocity and its distance from the sun? (1 pt)(1 point) Responses A. The greater the distance, the greater the orbital velocity. A. The greater the distance, the greater the orbital velocity. B. As distance is cut in half, orbital velocity decreases. B. As distance is cut in half, orbital velocity decreases. C. The greater the distance, the slower the orbital velocity. C. The greater the distance, the slower the orbital velocity. D. Distance has no effect on orbital velocity. D. Distance has no effect on orbital velocity. Question 11 11. What shape is the Earth’s orbit around the Sun? (1 pt)(1 point) Responses A. an ellipse that is almost circular A. an ellipse that is almost circular B. an circle[Choice B] B. an circle [Choice B] C. an ellipse that is elongated C. an ellipse that is elongated D. a spiral D. a spiral Question 12 12. A satellite orbiting Earth at an orbital radius r has a velocity v. Which represents the velocity if the satellite is moved to an orbital radius of 5r? (1 pt)(1 point) Responses A. 1/√3v A. 1/√3v B. 1/3v B. 1/3v C. √5v C. √5v D. 1/√5v D. 1/√5v Question 13 13. An asteroid approaches Jupiter and is slung around into a new trajectory across the solar system. Which of the following are possible? Select the three correct answers. You must get all answers correct to score (2 pts) (2 points) Responses A. The asteroid continues out of the solar system. A. The asteroid continues out of the solar system. B. The asteroid enters a stable elliptical orbit around the sun. B. The asteroid enters a stable elliptical orbit around the sun. C. The asteroid adopts an unusual orbit around the sun, such as an egg shape. C. The asteroid adopts an unusual orbit around the sun, such as an egg shape. D. The asteroid spirals into the sun. D. The asteroid spirals into the sun. E. The asteroid falls into an irregular orbit around Jupiter. E. The asteroid falls into an irregular orbit around Jupiter. F. The asteroid slows down as it passes around Jupiter. F. The asteroid slows down as it passes around Jupiter. Question 14 (4 points) Put responses in the correct input to answer the question. Select a response, navigate to the desired input and insert the response. Responses can be selected and inserted using the space bar, enter key, left mouse button or touchpad. Responses can also be moved by dragging with a mouse. 14. Planets travel in orbits that are Response area (what shape?). Kepler’s Response area (which number?) law of motion relates the shape of a planet’s orbit with its speed. State this law of motion. Response area , You must get all answers correct to score (4 pts) Question 15 15. Which form of Kepler’s Third Law can you use to relate the period T and radius r of a planet in our solar system as long as the unit year is used for the period and astronomical unit is used for the radius? (1 pt)(1 point) Responses A. T squared = r cubed A. T squared = r cubed B. T = r squared B. T = r squared C. T squared = r C. T squared = r D. T cubed = r squared D. T cubed = r squared Question 16 16. Which of the following statements about Newton’s theory of universal gravitation are correct? Select the three correct answers. You must get all answers correct to score (2 pts)(2 points) Responses A. Gravitational force increases as the distance between objects decreases. A. Gravitational force increases as the distance between objects decreases. B. Gravitational force increases as mass of objects decreases. B. Gravitational force increases as mass of objects decreases. C. The theory only applies to objects on Earth. C. The theory only applies to objects on Earth. D. Gravitational force increases as the mass of objects increases. D. Gravitational force increases as the mass of objects increases. E. Gravitational force increases as the distance between objects increases. E. Gravitational force increases as the distance between objects increases. F. The theory applies to all objects in the universe. F. The theory applies to all objects in the universe. Skip to navigation

Answer 1

Here are the answers to the questions provided:

Question 1:

1. A. The Holy Roman Church supported them.

Question 2:

• The instrument for observing stars and planets, called the telescope, had not been invented yet. As a result, people didn’t have accurate means to observe celestial bodies.

Question 3:

1. E. The Sun is at the center.
2. B. The planets move in perfect circles.
3. C. The stars are fixed to an outer sphere.

Question 4:

1. D. It shows the Sun at the center of the solar system.
2. B. It explains why Mars appears to move backward for a few months approximately every two years.

Question 5:

1. D. The amount of gravitational force doubles.

Question 6:

1. D. 0.48

Question 7:

1. A. The time required to sweep out the areas.

Question 8:

1. A. The distance to the sun varies.

Question 9:

• Copernicus thought that Ptolemy’s model of the solar system was incorrect because **it was too complex and didn't accurately reflect planetary motions. Copernicus’ model of the solar system was different from Ptolemy’s model because **it placed the Sun at the center instead of the Earth. Copernicus’ model was not accepted at the time because it contradicted prevailing beliefs and lacked sufficient observational evidence.

Question 10:

1. C. The greater the distance, the slower the orbital velocity.

Question 11:

1. A. an ellipse that is almost circular.

Question 12:

1. D. 1/√5v.

Question 13:

1. A. The asteroid continues out of the solar system.
2. B. The asteroid enters a stable elliptical orbit around the sun.
3. E. The asteroid falls into an irregular orbit around Jupiter.

Question 14:

• Planets travel in orbits that are elliptical (what shape?). Kepler’s First (which number?) law of motion relates the shape of a planet’s orbit with its speed. State this law of motion: A line that connects a planet to the sun sweeps out equal areas during equal intervals of time.

Question 15:

1. A. T squared = r cubed.

Question 16:

1. A. Gravitational force increases as the distance between objects decreases.
2. D. Gravitational force increases as the mass of objects increases.
3. F. The theory applies to all objects in the universe.

Make sure to verify these answers, as they are based on standard astronomical knowledge and principles.